UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 6-K

 

 

REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER

PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-16 OR 15d-16

UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

June 26, 2018

 

 

Commission File Number: 001-36765

 

 

Momo Inc.

 

 

20^th Floor, Block B

Tower 2, Wangjing SOHO

No.1 Futongdong Street

Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102

People’s Republic of China

(Address of principal executive offices)

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F.

Form 20-F  ☒            Form 40-F  ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1):  ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7):  ☐

 

 

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

Date: June 26, 2018

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Exhibit Index

 

Exhibit 99.1		—		Unaudited Financial Statements of Momo Inc. as of and for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 and 2018
Exhibit 99.2		—		Unaudited Financial Statements of Tantan Limited as of and for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 and 2018
Exhibit 99.3		—		Audited Financial Statements of Tantan Limited as of and for the Years Ended December 31, 2016 and 2017

Exhibit 99.1

MOMO INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and share related data, or otherwise noted)

 

		As of December 31,				As of March 31,
		2017				2018
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents		$	685,827			$	320,488
Term deposits			373,794				578,938
Restricted cash			—				70,000
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $90 and $93 as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively			39,597				32,587
Amount due from related parties			5,143				6,518
Prepaid expenses and other current assets			82,717				74,798
Short-term investment			1,614				—
Total current assets			1,188,692				1,083,329
Property and equipment, net			39,762				45,005
Intangible assets			7,462				7,512
Rental deposits			2,651				2,697
Long term investments			44,337				50,436
Other non-current assets			8,495				16,182
Deferred tax assets, non-current			7,197				6,195
Goodwill			3,401				3,528
Prepaid acquisition consideration			—				229,823
Total assets			1,301,997				1,444,707
Liabilities and equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable (including accounts payable of the consolidated VIE without recourse to the Company of $54,937 and $59,965 as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively)			74,535				82,535
Deferred revenue (including deferred revenue of the consolidated VIE without recourse to the Company of $64,788 and $61,846 as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively)			64,865				61,926
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (including accrued expenses and other current liabilities of the consolidated VIE without recourse to the Company of $30,802 and $31,523 as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively)			87,809				64,251
Amount due to related parties (including amount due to related parties of the consolidated VIE without recourse to the Company of $29 and $25 as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively)			5,804				5,800
Income tax payable (including income tax payable of the consolidated VIE without recourse to the Company of $11,765 and $8,063 as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively)			27,033				17,434
Total current liabilities			260,046				231,946
Deferred tax liabilities, non-current			1,866				1,878
Other non-current liabilities			2,305				4,170
Total liabilities			264,217				237,994
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)
Equity
Class A ordinary shares ($0.0001 par value; 800,000,000 and 800,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018 respectively; 314,060,843 and 321,765,271 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively)			34				35
Class B ordinary shares ($0.0001 par value; 100,000,000 and 100,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively; 84,364,466 and 80,364,466 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively)			9				9
Treasury stock			(64,494	)			(64,494	)
Additional paid-in capital			713,721				726,481
Retained earnings			369,707				499,591
Accumulated other comprehensive income			15,954				42,608
Non-controlling interest			2,849				2,483
Total equity			1,037,780				1,206,713
Total liabilities and equity		$	1,301,997			$	1,444,707

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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MOMO INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and share related data, or otherwise noted)

 

		Three months ended March 31
		2017				2018
Net revenues		$	265,238			$	435,129
Cost and expenses:
Cost of revenues (including share-based compensation of $305 and $478 in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively)			(120,444	)			(209,608	)
Research and development (including share-based compensation of $1,372 and $2,575 in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively)			(8,559	)			(17,533	)
Sales and marketing (including share-based compensation of $2,156 and $3,291 in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively)			(33,997	)			(44,342	)
General and administrative (including share-based compensation of $5,676 and $6,038 in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively)			(12,100	)			(17,231	)
Total cost and expenses			(175,100	)			(288,714	)
Other operating income			905				1,087
Income from operations			91,043				147,502
Interest income			3,752				7,540
Income before income tax and share of income on equity method investments			94,795				155,042
Income tax expense			(15,777	)			(26,905	)
Income before share of income on equity method investments			79,018				128,137
Share of income on equity method investments			2,183				1,279
Net income			81,201				129,416
Less: net loss attributable to non-controlling interest			(7	)			(468	)
Net income attributable to Momo Inc.			81,208				129,884
Net income attributable to ordinary shareholders		$	81,208			$	129,884
Net income per share attributable to ordinary shareholders
Basic		$	0.21			$	0.33
Diluted		$	0.20			$	0.31
Weighted average shares used in calculating net income per ordinary share
Basic			389,835,182				399,002,678
Diluted			410,884,521				415,045,295

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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MOMO INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and share related data)

 

		Three months ended March 31
		2017				2018
Net income		$	81,201			$	129,416
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustment			2,263				26,754
Comprehensive income			83,464				156,170
Less: comprehensive loss attributed to the non-controlling interest			(7	)			(368	)
Comprehensive income attributable to Momo Inc.		$	83,471			$	156,538

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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MOMO INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and share related data)

 

		Ordinary shares								Additional paid-in capital				Treasury stock				Retained earning				Accumulated other comprehensive (Loss) Income				Non-controlling interests				Total shareholders’ equity
		Shares				Amount
Balance as of January 1, 2017			388,948,435			$	42			$	663,498			$	(64,494	)		$	51,141			$	(16,168	)		$	—			$	634,019
Net (loss) income			—				—				—				—				81,208				—				(7	)			81,201
Share-based compensation			—				—				9,509				—				—				—				—				9,509
Issuance of ordinary shares in connection with exercise of options and vesting of restricted share units			5,364,060				1				306				—				—				—				—				307
Foreign currency translation adjustment			—				—				—				—				—				2,263				—				2,263
Balance as of March 31, 2017			394,312,495			$	43			$	673,313			$	(64,494	)		$	132,349			$	(13,905	)		$	(7	)		$	727,299
Balance as of January 1, 2018			398,425,309			$	43			$	713,721			$	(64,494	)		$	369,707			$	15,954			$	2,849			$	1,037,780
Net (loss) income																			129,884								(468	)			129,416
Share-based compensation			—				—				12,382				—				—				—				—				12,382
Issuance of ordinary shares in connection with exercise of options and vesting of restricted share units			3,704,428				1				378				—				—				—				—				379
Addition in non-controlling interest of a subsidiary			—				—				—				—				—				—				2				2
Foreign currency translation adjustment			—				—				—				—				—				26,654				100				26,754
Balance as of March 31, 2018			402,129,737			$	44			$	726,481			$	(64,494	)		$	499,591			$	42,608			$	2,483			$	1,206,713

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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MOMO INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and share related data)

 

		Three months Ended March 31
		2017				2018
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income		$	81,201			$	129,416
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation of property and equipment			2,122				4,954
Amortization of intangible assets			—				226
Share-based compensation			9,509				12,382
Share of income on equity method investments			(2,183	)			(1,279	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable			3,910				8,379
Prepaid expenses and other current assets			(4,575	)			8,996
Amount due from related parties			(337	)			(1,169	)
Deferred tax assets			73				1,254
Rental deposits			(1,169	)			53
Other non-current assets			(733	)			(1,814	)
Accounts payable			6,456				8,871
Income tax payable			9,797				(10,236	)
Deferred revenue			(424	)			(5,287	)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities			(8,932	)			(26,618	)
Amount due to related parties			(255	)			(5	)
Deferred tax liability			—				(56	)
Other non-current liabilities			902				1,865
Net cash provided by operating activities			95,362				129,932
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property and equipment			(7,204	)			(10,115	)
Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment			4				1
Payment for long term investments			(1,515	)			(630	)
Prepayment for long term investments			—				(7,398	)
Payment for acquired intangible assets			(578	)			—
Prepaid consideration for business acquisition			—				(229,823	)
Purchase of term deposits			(261,787	)			(572,421	)
Cash received on maturity of term deposits			304,607				375,092
Cash received from sales of short-term investment			—				1,653
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities			33,527				(443,641	)
Cash flows from financing activities
Deferred payment of purchase of property and equipment			(174	)			(1,153	)
Proceeds from exercise of share options			299				384
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities			125				(769	)
Effect of exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents			2,121				19,139
Net increase in (decrease by) cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash			131,135				(295,339	)
Cash, cash equivalent and restricted cash at the beginning of period			257,564				685,827
Cash, cash equivalent and restricted cash at the end of period		$	388,699			$	390,488
Non-cash investing and financing activities
Payable for purchase of property and equipment			4,027				7,098
Payable for repurchase of ordinary shares			6,450				6,450
Reconciliation to amounts on consolidated balance sheets:
Cash and cash equivalents		$	388,699			$	320,488
Restricted cash			—				70,000
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		$	388,699			$	390,488

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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MOMO INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 AND 2018

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data)

 

1.	ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

Momo Inc. (the “Company”, formerly known as Momo Technology Company Limited) is the holding company for a group of companies, which is incorporated in the British Virgin Islands (“BVI”) on November 23, 2011. In July 2014, the Company was redomiciled in the Cayman Islands (“Cayman”) as an exempted company registered under the laws of the Cayman Islands, and was renamed Momo Inc. The Company, its subsidiaries, its consolidated variable interest entity (“VIE”) and VIE’s subsidiaries (collectively the “Group”) are principally engaged in providing mobile-based social networking services. The Group started its operation in July 2011. The Group started its monetization in the third quarter of 2013, by offering a platform for live video service, value-added services, mobile games and mobile marketing services.

On February 23, 2018, the Group reached a definitive agreement with Tantan Limited (“Tantan”) and all of its shareholders, pursuant to which the Group agreed to acquire 100% fully diluted equity stake in Tantan for a combination of share consideration and cash, including 5,328,853 newly issued Class A ordinary shares of the Company and $613,181 in cash, of which $229,823 and $309,228 were paid in March and May 2018, respectively. The acquisition closed in May 2018. Refer to Note 19.

The following consolidated financial statements amounts and balances of the VIE were included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements after the elimination of intercompany balances and transactions as of and for the three-month periods ended March 31:

 

		As of December 31,				As of March 31
		2017				2018
Cash and cash equivalents		$	63,110			$	101,612
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $90 and $93 as of December 31, 2017 and March 31,2018, respectively			39,597				32,587
Amount due from related parties			5,143				6,518
Prepaid expenses and other current assets			57,056				48,841
Short-term investment			1,614				—
Total current assets			166,520				189,558
Property and equipment, net			8,080				8,960
Intangible assets			7,462				7,512
Rental deposits			1,609				1,611
Other non-current assets			7,685				16,177
Long term investments			43,333				49,431
Deferred tax assets, non-current			1,062				1,101
Goodwill			3,401				3,528
Total assets			239,152				277,878
Accounts payable			54,937				59,965
Deferred revenue			64,788				61,846
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities			30,802				31,523
Amounts due to related parties			29				25
Income tax payable			11,765				8,063
Total current liabilities			162,321				161,422
Deferred tax liabilities, non-current			1,866				1,878
Total liabilities		$	164,187			$	163,300

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MOMO INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 AND 2018

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data)

 

1.	ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES - continued

 

		Three months Ended March 31
		2017				2018
Net revenues		$	265,238			$	435,129
Net income		$	148,713			$	227,141
Net cash provided by operating activities		$	148,422			$	235,193
Net cash used in investing activities		$	(2,839	)		$	(8,703	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		$	—			$	—

The unrecognized revenue-producing assets that are held by the VIE are primarily self-developed intangible assets such as domain names, trademark and various licenses which are not recognized on consolidated balance sheets.

The VIE contributed an aggregate of 100% of the consolidated net revenues for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively. As of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, the VIE accounted for an aggregate of 18.4% and 19.2%, respectively, of the consolidated total assets, and 62.1% and 68.6%, respectively, of the consolidated total liabilities. The assets that were not associated with the VIE primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, term deposits and restricted cash.

There are no consolidated VIE’s assets that are collateral for the VIE’s obligations and can only be used to settle the VIE’s obligations. There are no creditors (or beneficial interest holders) of the VIE that have recourse to the general credit of the Company or any of its consolidated subsidiaries. There are no terms in any arrangements, considering both explicit arrangements and implicit variable interests, that require the Company or its subsidiaries to provide financial support to the VIE. However, if the VIE ever needs financial support, the Company or its subsidiaries may, at its option and subject to statutory limits and restrictions, provide financial support to its VIE through loans to the shareholders of the VIE or entrustment loans to the VIE. Relevant PRC laws and regulations restrict the VIE from transferring a portion of its net assets, equivalent to the balance of its statutory reserve and its share capital, to the Company in the form of loans and advances or cash dividends. Please refer to Note 18 for disclosure of restricted net assets. The Group may lose the ability to use and enjoy assets held by the VIE that are important to the operation of business if the VIE declares bankruptcy or becomes subject to a dissolution or liquidation proceeding.

 

2.	SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of presentation and use of estimates

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial reporting. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Accordingly, these statements should be read in conjunction with the Group’s audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017.

In the opinion of the management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary for a fair presentation of financial results for the interim periods presented. The Group believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared using the same accounting policies as used in the preparation of the Group’s consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full years.

The financial information as of December 31, 2017 presented in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements is derived from the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017.

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MOMO INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 AND 2018

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data)

 

2.	SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

 

Foreign currency risk

The Renminbi (“RMB”) is not a freely convertible currency. The State Administration for Foreign Exchange, under the authority of the People’s Bank of China, controls the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies. The value of the RMB is subject to changes in central government policies and to international economic and political developments affecting supply and demand in the China Foreign Exchange Trading System market. Cash and cash equivalents of the Group included aggregate amounts of $632,572 and $308,331 as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively, which were denominated in RMB.

Concentration of credit risk

Financial instruments that potentially expose the Group to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, term deposits and accounts receivable. The Group places their cash with financial institutions with high-credit ratings and quality.

Third-party application stores and other payment channels accounting for 10% or more of accounts receivables are as follows:

 

		As of December 31,				As of March 31,
		2017				2018
A			23	%			29	%
B			19	%			23	%
C			5	%			10	%
D			21	%			3	%

No user or advertising customer accounted for 10% or more of accounts receivables for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively.

Concentration of revenue

No user or customer accounted for 10% or more of net revenues for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively.

Business combinations

Business combinations are recorded using the acquisition method of accounting. The Company adopted Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2017-01 “Business Combination (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business” on January 1, 2018 and applied the new definition of a business prospectively for acquisitions made subsequent to December 31, 2017. Upon the adoption of ASU 2017-01, a new screen is introduced to evaluate whether a transaction should be accounted for as an acquisition and/or disposal of a business versus assets. In order for a purchase to be considered an acquisition of a business, and receive business combination accounting treatment, the set of transferred assets and activities must include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs. If substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, then the set of transferred assets and activities is not a business. The adoption of this standard requires future purchases to be evaluated under the new framework.

The purchase price of business acquisition is allocated to the tangible assets, liabilities, identifiable intangible assets acquired and non-controlling interest, if any, based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The excess of the purchase price over those fair values is recorded as goodwill. Acquisition-related expenses and restructuring costs are expensed as incurred. Where the consideration in an acquisition includes contingent consideration and the payment of which depends on the achievement of certain specified conditions post-acquisition, the contingent consideration is recognized and measured at its fair value at the acquisition date and if recorded as a liability, it is subsequently carried at fair value with changes in fair value reflected in earnings.

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MOMO INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 AND 2018

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data)

 

2.	SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

 

Revenue recognition

Adoption of Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”), “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“Topic 606”) as modified by subsequently issued ASUs 2015-14, 2016-08, 2016-10, 2016-12 and 2016-20 (collectively ASU 2014-09).

On January 1, 2018, the Group adopted Topic 606 by applying the modified retrospective method. The adoption of Topic 606 did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows but resulted in additional disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.

The Group principally derives its revenue from live video services, value-added services, mobile marketing services, mobile games and other services. The Group recognizes revenue when control of the promised goods or services are transferred to the customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Group expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The Group applied the five steps method outlined in Topic 606 to all revenue streams. In addition, the standard requires disclosures of the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, all the revenue for the periods was recognized from contracts with customers. The following table presents the Group’s revenues disaggregated by revenue sources. The Group’s revenue is reported net of discounts, value added tax and surcharges.

Components of revenues are presented in the following table:

 

		Three months Ended March 31
		2017				2018
Live video service		$	212,577			$	371,496
Value-added service			22,867				36,991
Mobile marketing			17,889				18,709
Mobile games			11,561				6,647
Other services			344				1,286
Total		$	265,238			$	435,129

 

(a)

Live video service

The Group provides live video service whereby users can enjoy live performances and interact with the broadcasters for free, and have the option of purchasing in-show virtual items. Broadcasters can either host the performance on their own or join a broadcaster agency. Users purchase virtual items from the Group and present them to broadcasters to show their support. The Group determines the virtual items price and generates revenue from sales of virtual items upon purchase. Under arrangements entered into with broadcasters and broadcaster agencies, the Group shares a portion of the revenues derived from the sales of virtual gifts with them.

The Group has determined that it has a single performance obligation which is the display of the virtual gift for the users when those are purchased by the users. The Group recognizes the sales of virtual items when the performance obligation is satisfied. Revenues derived from the sale of virtual items are recorded on a gross basis as the Group has determined that it is the principal in providing the live video services. The portion paid to broadcasters and/or broadcaster agencies is recognized as cost of revenues.

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MOMO INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 AND 2018

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data)

 

2.	SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

Revenue recognition - continued

 

(b)

Value-added services

Value-added services revenues include membership subscription revenue and virtual gift services revenue. Membership subscription is a service package which enables members to enjoy additional functions and privileges. The contract period for the membership subscription ranges from one month to one year. All membership subscription is nonrefundable. The Group has determined that its VIP services represents one performance obligation. The Group collects membership subscription in advance and records it as deferred revenue. Revenue is recognized ratably over the contract period as the membership subscription services are delivered.

Virtual gift service was launched in 2016 to enhance users’ experience of interaction and social networking with each other. Users purchase virtual gifts and send the virtual gifts simultaneously to other users, while the Group shares with them a portion of the revenues derived from the sales of virtual gifts. The Group has determined that it has one single performance obligation which is the display of the virtual gifts for the users who purchase them. Revenues derived from the sale of virtual gifts are recorded on a gross basis as the Group has determined that it is the principal in providing the virtual gift services. The portion paid to gift recipients is recognized as cost of revenues.

 

(c)

Mobile marketing

The Group provides advertising and marketing solutions to customers for promotion of their brands and conduction of effective marketing activities through its mobile application.

Display-based mobile marketing services

For display-based online advertising services such as banners and location-based advertising on the mobile applications, the Group has determined that its mobile marketing services represents one performance obligation. Accordingly, the Group recognizes mobile marketing revenue ratably over the period that the advertising is provided commencing on the date the customer’s advertisement is displayed, or based on the number of times that the advertisement has been displayed for cost per thousand impressions advertising arrangements.

Performance-based mobile marketing services

The Group also enables advertising customers to place link on its mobile platform on a pay-for-effectiveness basis, which is referred to as the cost for performance model. The Group charges fees to advertising customers based on the effectiveness of advertising links, which is measured by active clicks. The Group has determined that its mobile marketing services represent one performance obligation. Accordingly, the Group recognizes mobile marketing revenue based on sales of effective clicks. Revenue is estimated by the Group based on its internal data, which is confirmed with respective customers on a quarterly basis, or is recognized based on a fixed unit price.

The Group’s revenue transactions are based on standard business terms and conditions, which are recognized net of agency rebates if applicable. Agency rebates have not been material for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018.

 

(d)

Mobile games

The Group publishes both licensed mobile games developed by third-party game developers and its self-developed games to the game players through its mobile application.

Licensed mobile games

The Group generates revenue from offering services of mobile games developed by third-party game developers. All of the licensed games can be accessed and played by game players directly through the

---

MOMO INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 AND 2018

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data)

 

2.	SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

Revenue recognition - continued

 

(d)

Mobile games - continued

 

Group’s mobile game platform. The Group primarily views the game developers to be its customers and considers its performance obligation under its agreements with the game developers to be the promotion of the game developers’ games. The Group generally collects payments from game players in connection with the sale of in-game currencies and remits certain agreed-upon percentages of the proceeds to the game developers. Purchases of in-game currencies are not refundable after they have been sold unless there is unused in-game currencies at the time a game is discontinued. Typically, a game will only be discontinued when the monthly revenue generated by a game becomes consistently insignificant. The Group does not currently expect to pay any material cash refunds to game players or game developers in connection with a discontinued game.

Licensed mobile games - Non-exclusive mobile games services

The Group enters into non-exclusive agreements with the game developers and offers the Group’s mobile game platform for the mobile games developed by the game developers. The Group has single performance obligation which includes offering their mobile game platform for the game developers. The Group has determined that it is not the principal in the transaction and accordingly, revenues derived from the sale of in-game currencies are recorded net of remittances to game developers and commission fees made to third-party application stores and other payment channels. Revenue is further recognized at the end of the estimated consumption date by individual game (i.e., the estimated date in-game currencies are consumed within the game), which is typically within a short period of time ranging from zero to three days after the purchase of the in-game currencies.

Licensed mobile games - Exclusive mobile games services

The Group enters into exclusive agreements with game developers and provides them with the Group’s mobile game platform for the mobile games developed by the game developers. Under the exclusive agreements, the players can access to the games only through the Group’s platform. The Group has determined that it has a single performance obligation to provide mobile games services to game players who purchased virtual items to gain an enhanced game-playing experience over an average period of player relationship. Hence, the Group believes that its performance obligation to the game developers correspond to the game developers’ services to the players. The Group does not have access to the data on the consumption details and the types of virtual items purchased by the game players. Therefore, the Group cannot estimate the economic life of the virtual item. However, the Group maintains data of when a particular player purchases the virtual items and logs into the games. The Group has determined that it is not the principal in the transaction and accordingly, the Group recognizes revenues net of remittances to game developers and commission fees made to third-party application stores and other payment channels over the estimated period of player relationship on a game-by-game basis. As of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, the Group operated six games under exclusive arrangements and the estimated periods of the player relationship ranges from 20 to 101 and 20 to 101 days, respectively.

Self-developed mobile game

In February 2015, the Group launched one self-developed game on its platform and started to generate revenues by in-game sales of virtual items. The Group has determined that it has a single performance obligation to the players who purchased the virtual items to gain an enhanced game-playing experience over the playing period of the paying players. Accordingly, the Group recognizes revenues ratably over the estimated average period of player relationship starting from the point in time when the players purchase the virtual items and once all other revenue recognition criteria are met. As of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, the Group operated eight self-developed mobile games and the estimated periods of the player relationship ranges from 56 to 79 days and 56 to 82 days, respectively.

---

MOMO INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 AND 2018

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data)

 

2.	SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

Revenue recognition - continued

 

(d)

Mobile games - continued

 

The Group has determined that it is the principal in fulfilling all obligations related to the mobile game operations for self-developed games. Accordingly, revenues are recognized on a gross basis. Commission fees paid to third-party application stores and other payment channels are recorded as cost of revenues.

 

(e)

Other service

Other service primarily includes Duobao service and paid emoticons. Other service revenues is not material for the periods presented.

Practical expedients and exemptions

The Group’s contracts have an original duration of one year or less. Accordingly, the Group does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations.

Contract balances

Accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration is unconditional. Payment terms on invoiced amounts are typically 1 to 180 days. The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects the best estimate of probable losses inherent to the account receivable balance. Additional information is included in Note 3. Deferred revenue primarily includes cash received from paying users and advertising customers. Deferred revenue is recognized as revenue over the estimated service period or when all of the revenue recognition criteria have been met

Value added taxes (“VAT”)

Entities that are VAT general taxpayers are allowed to offset qualified input VAT paid to suppliers against their output VAT liabilities. Net VAT balance between input VAT and output VAT is recorded in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. VAT is also reported as a deduction to revenue when incurred and amounted to $24,646 and $38,844 for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively.

Advertising expenses

The Group expenses advertising expenses as incurred. Total advertising expenses incurred were $21,254 and $27,937 for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively, and have been included in sales and marketing expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

Recent accounting pronouncement adopted

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Topic 606. Under the standard, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The Company applied the five step method outlined in Topic 606 to all revenue streams and elected to adopt the standard using the modified retrospective method. Refer to Note 2, Revenue recognition for further details.

In January 2016, the FASB issued a new pronouncement ASU 2016-01 Financial Instruments-Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The ASU requires equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be

---

MOMO INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 AND 2018

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data)

 

2.	SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

Recent accounting pronouncement adopted - continued

 

measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. The ASU also requires an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments.

ASU 2016-01 was further amended in February 2018 by ASU 2018-03, “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”. This update was issued to clarify certain narrow aspects of guidance concerning the recognition of financial assets and liabilities established in ASU 2016-01. This includes an amendment to clarify that an entity measuring an equity security using the measurement alternative may change its measurement approach to a fair valuation method in accordance with Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, through an irrevocable election that would apply to that security and all identical or similar investments of the same issued.

ASU 2016-01 and ASU 2018-03 are effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The new guidance permits early adoption of the own credit provision. Adoption of the amendment must be applied by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption, except for amendments related to equity instruments that do not have readily determinable fair values which should be applied prospectively. The Group adopted ASU 2016-01 and ASU 2018-03 under the modified retrospective method in the first quarter of 2018. The adoption of 2016-01 and ASU 2018-03 did not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18: Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash. The amendments in this Update require that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The amendments in this Update do not provide a definition of restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. The amendments in this Update are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The amendments in this Update should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented.

The Group adopted ASU 2016-18 under the modified retrospective method in the first quarter of 2018. As the Group did not have restricted cash before January 1, 2018, the adoption of 2016-18 did not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows before January 1, 2018. As of March 31, 2018, restricted cash of approximately $70,000 was included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning of the period and end of the period total cash, cash equivalent and restricted cash presented on the consolidated statement of cash flow.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01: Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business. The Update requires that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. This screen reduces the number of transactions that need to be further evaluated. If the screen is not met, the amendments in this Update (1) require that to be considered a business, a set must include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output and (2) remove the evaluation of whether a market participant could replace missing elements. Public business entities should apply the amendments in this Update to annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods. Early application of the amendments in this Update is allowed.

---

MOMO INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 AND 2018

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data)

 

2.	SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

Recent accounting pronouncement adopted - continued

 

The amendments in this Update should be applied prospectively on or after the effective date. No disclosures are required at transition. The Group adopted this guidance in the first quarter of 2018. The adoption did not have significant impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows for the period ended March 31, 2018.

 

3.	ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET

Accounts receivable, net consisted of the following:

 

		As of December 31,				As of March 31,
		2017				2018
Accounts receivable		$	39,687			$	32,680
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts			(90	)			(93	)
Accounts receivable, net		$	39,597			$	32,587

 

4.	PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following:

 

		As of December 31,				As of March 31,
		2017				2018
Deposit at a third-party payment channel (i)		$	29,239			$	29,211
Advance to suppliers (ii)			21,521				21,461
Input VAT (iii)			3,714				5,109
Deferred platform commission cost			4,292				4,187
Interest receivable			8,441				3,996
Prepaid income tax and other expenses			8,069				3,804
Game promotions fees paid on behalf of game developers			2,742				3,033
Others			4,699				3,997
		$	82,717			$	74,798

 

(i)

Deposit at a third party payment channel is the cash deposited in a third party payment channel by the Group for the broadcasters to withdraw their revenue sharing and the customer payment to the Group’s account through a third party payment channel.

 

(ii)

Advance to suppliers were primarily for advertising fees and live video broadcasting service fees.

 

(iii)

Input VAT mainly occurred from the purchasing of goods for other services, property and equipment and advertising activities. It is subject to verification by related tax authorities before offsetting the VAT output.

---

MOMO INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 AND 2018

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data)

 

5.	LONG TERM INVESTMENTS

 

		As of December 31,				As of March 31,
		2017				2018
Equity method investments
Hangzhou Aqua Ventures Investment Management L.P. (i)		$	12,986			$	14,671
Beijing Autobot Venture Capital L.P. (ii)			8,478				8,946
Jingwei Chuangteng (Hangzhou) L.P. (iii)			7,419				7,771
Others (iv)			3,188				3,175
Cost method investments
Hunan Qindao Cultural Spread Ltd.			4,611				4,783
Shanghai Yuzhou Pictures Co.,Ltd. (iv)			—				3,188
Others (v)			7,655				7,902
		$	44,337			$	50,436

 

(i)

The Group’s partnership interest in Hangzhou Aqua Ventures Investment Management L.P. (“Aqua”) was 42.7% as of March 31, 2018. The Group recognized its share of partnership profit in Aqua of $704 and $1,186 during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively.

 

(ii)

The Group’s partnership interest in Beijing Autobot Venture Capital L.P. (“Autobot”) was 26.7% as of March 31, 2018. The Group recognized its share of partnership profit in Autobot of $503 and $150 during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively.

 

(iii)

The Group’s partnership interest in Jingwei Chuangteng (Hangzhou) L.P. (“Jingwei”) was 2.4% as of March 31, 2018. The Group recognized its share of partnership profit in Jingwei of $920 and $75 during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively.

 

(iv)

On February 9, 2018, the Group entered into an agreement to subscribe 20%, equity interest in Shanghai Yuzhou Pictures Co., Ltd. (“Yuzhou”) for a total consideration of $3,188. The Group has one board seat but has substantial preferential liquidation right in Yuzhou. Accordingly, the Group accounted for this investment as cost method investment.

 

(v)

Others represent equity method investments or cost method investments that are individually insignificant.

 

6.	PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following:

 

		As of December 31,				As of March 31,
		2017				2018
Computer equipment		$	45,580			$	52,146
Office equipment			12,214				13,752
Vehicles			189				196
Leasehold improvement			10,366				13,534
Less: accumulated depreciation			(30,566	)			(35,520	)
Exchange difference			1,979				897
		$	39,762			$	45,005

Depreciation expenses charged to the consolidated statements of operations for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018 were $2,122 and $4,954 respectively.

---

MOMO INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 AND 2018

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data)

 

7.	INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

Intangible assets, net consisted of the following:

 

		As of December 31,				As of March 31,
		2017				2018
Licenses*		$	8,059			$	8,359
Game copyright			333				346
Less: accumulated amortization and impairment			(905	)			(1,131	)
Exchange difference			(25	)			(62	)
Net book value		$	7,462			$	7,512

 

*	Licenses mainly consist of the Internet Audio/Video Program Transmission License, which is a requisite permit according to government regulations for the Group’s business operation such as live video service.

Amortization expenses charged to the consolidated statements of operations for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018 were $nil and $226 respectively.

Future estimated aggregate amortization expenses as of March 31, 2018 are as follows:

 

		Amounts
2018		$	685
2019			914
2020			914
2021			803
2022			799
Thereafter			3,397
		$	7,512

 

8.	ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following:

 

		As of December 31,				As of March 31,
		2017				2018
Accrued payroll and welfare		$	34,523			$	16,343
Balance of users’ virtual accounts			14,175				16,270
Payable for advertisement			18,783				10,410
Other tax payables			9,457				9,367
Accrued professional services fee			3,417				4,023
VAT payable			1,543				944
Others			5,911				6,894
Total		$	87,809			$	64,251

 

9.	FAIR VALUE

Measured on recurring basis

The Group measures its financial assets and liabilities including cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively. Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued

---

MOMO INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 AND 2018

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data)

 

9.	FAIR VALUE - continued

Measured on recurring basis - continued

 

based on the quoted market price in an active market. As of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, information about inputs for the fair value measurements of the Group’s assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis in periods subsequent to their initial recognition is as follows:

 

		Fair Value Measurement as of December 31,
Description		2017				Quoted Prices in Active Market for Identical Assets				Significant Other Observable Inputs				Significant Unobservable Inputs
						(Level 1)				(Level 2)				(Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents		$	685,827			$	685,827				—			$	—
Total		$	685,827			$	685,827				—			$	—
		Fair Value Measurement as of March 31,
Description		2018				Quoted Prices in Active Market for Identical Assets				Significant Other Observable Inputs				Significant Unobservable Inputs
						(Level 1)				(Level 2)				(Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents		$	320,488			$	320,488				—			$	—
Restricted cash		$	70,000			$	70,000				—			$	—
Total		$	390,488			$	390,488				—			$	—

Measured on nonrecurring basis

The Group measures its long-term investments at fair value on a nonrecurring basis whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Such impairments are considered level 3 fair value measurements because the Group uses unobservable inputs such as the management projection of discounted future cash flow and the discount rate. The Group did not record any impairment on its long-term investments during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2018.

 

10.	INCOME TAXES

PRC

The following table presents details of the provision for income taxes and the effective tax rates:

 

		For the three-month periods ended March 31
		2017				2018
Provision for income tax		$	15,777			$	26,905
Effective tax rates			16.6	%			17.4	%

Consistent with prior periods, the effective tax rate differs from the PRC statutory tax rate of 25% mainly as a result of a preferential tax rate applicable to Beijing Momo IT and Chengdu Momo.

The current and deferred components of the income tax expense appearing in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations are as follows:

 

		For the three-month periods ended March 31
		2017				2018
Current tax expense		$	15,704			$	25,708
Deferred tax expense			73				1,197
Provision for income tax		$	15,777			$	26,905

---

MOMO INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 AND 2018

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data)

 

10.	INCOME TAXES - continued

PRC - continued

 

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Group’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

 

		As of December 31,				As of March 31,
		2017				2018
Non-current deferred tax assets:
Advertising expense		$	5,957			$	4,916
Net operating tax losses carry-forward			3,964				4,624
Impairment on long term investments and game copyright			400				408
Accrued expenses			840				871
Less: valuation allowance			(3,964	)			(4,624	)
Non-current deferred tax assets, net		$	7,197			$	6,195
Non-current deferred tax liabilities:
Intangible assets acquired			1,866				1,878
Non-current deferred tax liabilities, net		$	1,866			$	1,878

The Group considers the following factors, among other matters, when determining whether some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will more likely than not be realized: the nature, frequency and severity of losses, forecasts of future profitability, the duration of statutory carry-forward periods, the Group’s experience with tax attributes expiring unused and tax planning alternatives. The Group’s ability to realize deferred tax assets depends on its ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carry-forward periods provided for in the tax law.

As of March 31, 2018, the tax loss carry-forward for Beijing Momo’s subsidiaries amounted to $7,943, which would expire on various dates between December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2023. As of March 31, 2018, the tax loss carryforward for Momo HK amounted to $183, which would be carried forward indefinitely and set off against its future taxable profits. As of March 31, 2018, the tax loss carry-forward for Momo US amounted to $9,187. The tax loss arising prior January 1, 2018, amounted $8,985, would be carried forward for twenty years and the tax loss arising in tax year beginning after December 31, 2017, amounted $202, would be carried forward indefinitely instead of twenty years. The Group does not file combined or consolidated tax returns, therefore, losses from individual subsidiaries or the VIE may not be used to offset other subsidiaries’ or VIE’s earnings within the Group. Valuation allowance is considered on each individual subsidiary and legal entity basis. Valuation allowances have been established in respect of certain deferred tax assets as it is considered more likely than not that the relevant deferred tax assets will not be realized in the foreseeable future.

No significant unrecognized tax benefit was identified as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2018. The Group did not incur any interest and penalties related to potential underpaid income tax expenses and also believed that uncertainty in income taxes did not have a significant impact on the unrecognized tax benefits within next twelve months.

 

11.	ORDINARY SHARES

As of December 31, 2017, there were 314,060,843 Class A ordinary shares and 84,364,466 Class B ordinary shares issued and outstanding, par value $0.0001 per share.

During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018, 3,704,428 ordinary shares were issued in connection with the exercise of options and vesting of restricted share units previously granted to employees, executives and consultants under the Company’s share incentive plans (see Note 12), respectively.

---

MOMO INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 AND 2018

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data)

 

11.	ORDINARY SHARES - continued

 

As of March 31, 2018, there were 321,765,271 Class A ordinary shares and 80,364,466 Class B ordinary shares issued and outstanding, par value $0.0001 per share.

 

12.	SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Share options granted by the Company

The following table summarizes the option activity for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018:

 

		Number of options				Weighted average exercise price per option				Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)				Aggregated intrinsic value
Outstanding as of January 1, 2018			26,969,291			$	0.0536				7.40			$	328,658
Granted			—			$	—
Exercised			(3,666,928	)		$	0.1034
Forfeited			(169,156	)		$	0.0002
Outstanding as of March 31, 2018			23,133,207			$	0.0461				7.29			$	431,292
Exercisable as of March 31, 2018			12,704,512			$	0.0838				6.33			$	236,383

There were 12,704,512 vested options, and 9,446,427 options expected to vest as of March 31, 2018. For options expected to vest, the weighted-average exercise price was $0.0002 and aggregate intrinsic value was $176,552 as of March 31, 2018.

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of the share options granted during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018 was $14.93 and $nil, respectively. Total intrinsic value of options exercised for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018 was $84,901 and $69,080 respectively. The total fair value of options vested during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018 was $9,557 and $15,590, respectively.

The fair value of the ordinary shares is determined as the closing sales price of the Shares as quoted on the principal exchange or system. For employee and executives share options, the Group recorded share-based compensation of $7,745 and $10,859 during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively, based on the fair value on the grant dates over the requisite service period of award according to the vesting schedule for employee share option.

For non-employee share options the Group recorded share-based compensation of $1,633 and $1,329 during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively, based on the fair value at the commitment date and recognized over the period the service is provided.

As of March 31, 2018, total unrecognized compensation expense relating to unvested share options was $109,396 which will be recognized over 2.77 years. The weighted-average remaining contractual term of options outstanding is 7.29 years.

Restricted share units (“RSUs”)

On March 7, 2017, the Company granted a total of 100,000 shares of RSUs to independent directors under the 2014 Plan and vesting period of 4 years, which began from March 7, 2017.

The Company will forfeit the unvested portion of the RSUs if the grantees terminate their service during the vesting period.

---

MOMO INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 AND 2018

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data)

 

12.	SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - continued

Restricted share units (“RSUs”) - continued

 

The fair value of these RSUs is measured on the grant date based on the market price of the ordinary share on the grant date. The following table summarizes information regarding the share units granted:

 

		Number of shares
Outstanding as of January 1, 2018			200,000
Granted			—
Forfeited			—
Vested			(37,500	)
Outstanding as of March 31, 2018			162,500

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of the restricted share units granted during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 was $15.00. Total intrinsic value of the restricted share units exercised for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018 was $192 and $695, respectively. The total fair value of the restricted share units vested during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018 was $81 and $456, respectively. The aggregated fair value of RSUs was $1,500 for the grant date of March 7, 2017.

The Group recorded share-based compensation of $103 and $184 for RSUs for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively, based on the fair value on the grant dates over the requisite service period of award using the straight-line method.

As of March 31, 2018, total unrecognized compensation expense relating to unvested RSUs was $1,654, which will be recognized over 2.52 years. The weighted-average remaining contractual term of RSUs outstanding is 8.27 years.

 

13.	NET INCOME PER SHARE

The calculation of net income per share is as follows:

 

		For the three-month periods ended March 31
		2017				2018
Numerator:
Net income attributable to Momo Inc.		$	81,208			$	129,884
Denominator:
Denominator for computing net income per share-basic:
Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding used in computing net income per ordinary share-basic			389,835,182				399,002,678
Denominator for computing net income per share-diluted:
Weighted average shares outstanding used in computing net income per ordinary share-diluted			410,884,521				415,045,295
Net income per ordinary share attributable to Momo Inc. - basic		$	0.21			$	0.33
Net income per ordinary share attributable to Momo Inc. - diluted		$	0.20			$	0.31

---

MOMO INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 AND 2018

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data)

 

13.	NET INCOME PER SHARE - continued

 

The following table summarizes potential ordinary shares outstanding excluded from the computation of diluted net income per ordinary share for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018, because their effect is anti-dilutive:

 

		For the three-month periods ended March 31
		2017				2018
Share issuable upon exercise of share options			—				2,521,000

 

14.	COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Lease commitment

The Group leases certain office premises under non-cancellable leases. These leases expire through 2022 and are renewable upon negotiation. Rental expenses under operating leases for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018 were $1,473 and $2,808, respectively.

Future minimum payments under non-cancellable operating leases as of March 31, 2018 were as follows:

 

2018		$	5,626
2019			4,860
2020			1,037
2021			1,385
Total		$	12,908

Other commitments

The Group is obligated to subscribe $4,611 and $8,449 for partnership interest and equity interest and subsidiary interest of certain long-term investees under various arrangements as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively. The Group is also obligated to pay cash consideration of $383,358 and issue 5,328,853 ordinary shares of the Company related to the acquisition of Tantan as of March 31, 2018.

Contingencies

The Group is subject to legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business. The Group does not believe that any currently pending legal or administrative proceeding to which the Group is a party will have a material effect on its business or financial condition.

 

15.	RELATED PARTY BALANCES AND TRANSACTIONS

 

Major related parties		Relationship with the Group
Alibaba Cloud Computing Ltd. (i)		Affiliates of a Major Shareholder
Hunan Qindao Cultural Spread Ltd.		Long-term investee
Hunan Qindao Network Media Technology Co., Ltd.		Affiliate of long-term investee

 

(i)

This entity ceased to be a related party as of January 1, 2018.

---

MOMO INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 AND 2018

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data)

 

15.	RELATED PARTY BALANCES AND TRANSACTIONS - continued

 

Save as disclosed elsewhere in these consolidated financial statements, the Group had the following significant related party transactions:

 

(1)

Amount due from related parties-current

 

		As of December 31,				As of March 31,
		2017				2018
Hunan Qindao Network Media Technology Co., Ltd. (ii)		$	5,143			$	6,518
Total		$	5,143			$	6,518

 

(ii)

The amount of $5,143 and $6,518 as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018 represented the advance payment of revenue sharing of live video service made to Hunan Qindao Network Media Technology Co., Ltd.

 

(2)

Amount due to related parties - current

 

		As of December 31,				As of March 31
		2017				2018
Amount due to ordinary shareholders (iii)		$	5,775			$	5,775
Others			29				25
Total		$	5,804			$	5,800

 

(iii)

The amounts of $5,775 as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018 primarily included the unpaid repurchase amount by the Group to its ordinary shareholders. On April 22, 2014, certain ordinary shareholders who are also the senior management of the Company donated an aggregate of 15,651,589 ordinary shares to the Company with no consideration. On the same date, the Group declared a special dividend to these shareholders at an aggregated amount of $64,494, among which $58,044 was paid in May 2014. The remaining $5,775 and $675 were recorded as amount due to related parties-current and accrued expenses and other current liabilities, respectively, as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018. The Company treated the whole transaction as a repurchase of ordinary shares of which the repurchase price is considerably lower than the fair value of ordinary share. All such shares were recorded as treasury stock.

 

(3)

Purchase from related parties

 

		Three months Ended March 31
		2017				2018
Hunan Qindao Network Media Technology Co., Ltd. (iv)		$	—			$	8,644
Hunan Qindao Cultural Spread Ltd. (iv)			2,226				—
Alibaba Cloud Computing Ltd. (v)			1,452				—
Others			127				—
Total		$	3,805			$	8,644

 

(iv)

The purchases from Hunan Qindao Network Media Technology Co., Ltd. and Hunan Qindao Cultural Spread Ltd. represent the revenue sharing with broadcaster agencies of live video service.

 

(v)

The purchase from Alibaba Cloud Computing Ltd. is mainly related to its cloud computing services.

---

MOMO INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 AND 2018

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data)

 

16.	SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Group’s chief operating decision maker has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), who reviews consolidated results when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance of the Group. The Group’s revenue and net income are substantially derived from live video service, value-added services, mobile marketing services, mobile games and other services. The Group does not have discrete financial information of costs and expenses between various services in its internal reporting, and reports costs and expenses by nature as a whole. Therefore, the Group has one operating segment. The Group operates in the PRC; most of the Group’s long-lived assets are located in the PRC and all services are provided in the PRC. Components of revenues are presented in Note 2.

 

17.	EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN

Full time employees of the Group in the PRC participate in a government-mandated defined contribution plan pursuant to which certain pension benefits, medical care, unemployment insurance, employee housing fund and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. The Group accrues for these benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries. The total provisions for such employee benefits were $2,709 and $4,755 for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively.

 

18.	STATUTORY RESERVES AND RESTRICTED NET ASSETS

The appropriations to these reserves by the Group’s PRC subsidiary, VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries was $nil and $nil separately in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018.

Relevant PRC laws and regulations restrict the WFOE, VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries from transferring a portion of their net assets, equivalent to the balance of their statutory reserves and their paid in capital, to the Company in the form of loans, advances or cash dividends. The WFOE’s accumulated profits may be distributed as dividends to the Company without the consent of a third party. The VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries’ revenues and accumulated profits may be transferred to the Company through contractual arrangements without the consent of a third party. Under applicable PRC law, loans from PRC companies to their offshore affiliated entities require governmental approval, and advances by PRC companies to their offshore affiliated entities must be supported by bona fide business transactions. The capital and statutory reserves restricted which represented the amount of net assets of the Group’s PRC subsidiary, VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries in the Group not available for distribution were $136,407 and $136,407 as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively.

 

19.	SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Withdrawal of Long Term Bank Loan

To facilitate the closing of the transaction with regard to the acquisition of 100% equity stake of Tantan Limited (“Tantan”), previously announced on February 23, 2018, the Group entered into a bank loan agreement with a domestic commercial bank in May 2018. Total amount of the loan is US$300 million with a fixed interest rate of 4.5% per annum and with a scheduled maturity date of May 9, 2020. The total amount of US$300 million was drawn in May, 2018. To secure the facility, the Group provided pledges over an RMB2.2 billion fixed-term deposit receipt and a $14 million cash deposit in May 2018.

Acquisition of Tantan

In May 2018, the Group completed the acquisition of 100% equity stake of Tantan. The Group intend to achieve synergies from the Tantan acquisition.

---

MOMO INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 AND 2018

(In U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data)

 

19.	SUBSEQUENT EVENTS - continued

Acquisition of Tantan - continued

 

The total consideration consisted of cash consideration of $613,181, of which $229,823 and $309,228 were paid in March and May 2018, respectively, and 5,328,853 ordinary shares of the Company. The total purchase price consisted of the following:

 

Cash consideration		$	613,181
Value of ordinary shares			122,350
Total consideration		$	735,531

Under the acquisition method of accounting, the net assets of Tantan acquired were recorded at their fair values as of the date of the closing of the acquisition based on a preliminary purchase price allocation report prepared by a third-party appraiser. The following is a summary of the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on the preliminary purchase price allocation:

 

		May 31, 2018				Amortization periods
Cash and cash equivalents and short term investment		$	24,131
Accounts Receivable			3,133
Other current asset			3,562
Property and equipment, net			7,202
Other non-current asset			473
Intangible assets acquired:
Trade name			99,944				10 years
Technologies			4,072				3 years
Active users			53,435				5 years
Total assets			195,952
Accounts payable			3,282
Other current liabilities			40,959
Deferred tax liabilities			39,363
Total liabilities			83,604
Goodwill		$	623,183

Goodwill was recognized as a result of expected synergies from combining operations of the Group and acquired business. Goodwill is not amortized and is not deductible for tax purposes.

The consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 does not include any revenue or net income of the acquiree.

The following table summarizes the unaudited pro forma results of operation for the three-month period ended March 31, 2017 and 2018 assuming that the acquisition occurred on January 1, 2017. The pro forma results have been prepared for comparative purpose only based on management’s best estimate and do not purport to be indicative of the results of operations which actually would have resulted had the acquisition occurred as of January 1, 2017.

 

		Three-month periods ended March 31
		2017				2018
Pro forma net revenue		$	265,238			$	442,136
Pro forma net income			67,708				80,170

Exhibit 99.2

TANTAN LIMITED

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

		As of December 31,				As of March 31,
		2017				2018
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents		$	15,369,641			$	11,133,685
Term deposits			4,610,915				1,594,235
Accounts receivable net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $nil and $nil as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively			79,269				2,467,087
Prepaid expenses and other current assets			2,441,465				2,290,854
Amounts due from related parties			3,942				4,949
Short-term investments			9,375,528				5,898,670
Total current assets			31,880,760				23,389,480
Property and equipment, net			3,339,408				4,234,936
Other non-current assets			305,028				311,532
Total assets			35,525,196				27,935,948
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Accounts payable (including accounts payable of the consolidated VIE without recourse to the Group of $nil and $697,625 as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively)			422,304				697,635
Deferred revenue (including deferred revenue of the consolidated VIE without recourse to the Group of $97,280 and $4,010,877 as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively)			97,280				4,010,877
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (including accrued expenses and other current liabilities of the consolidated VIE without recourse to the Company of $660,564 and $9,852,464 as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively)			4,430,453				11,931,320
Amounts due to related parties (including amounts due to related parties of the consolidated VIE without recourse to the Company of $nil and $nil as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively)			64,992				48,722
Total current liabilities			5,015,029				16,688,554
Total liabilities			5,015,029				16,688,554

---

TANTAN LIMITED

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - continued

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

		As of December 31,				As of March 31,
		2017				2018
Commitments (Note 11)
Mezzanine equity
Redeemable ordinary shares ($0.001 par value, 2,550,000 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively)			2,779,500				2,779,500
Series A convertible redeemable participating preferred shares ($0.001 par value; 2,250,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively; 2,250,000 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively; liquidation value of $4,500,000 as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively)			6,106,891				6,106,891
Series B convertible redeemable participating preferred shares ($0.001 par value; 3,101,597 shares authorized as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively; 3,101,597 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively; liquidation value of $13,026,712 as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively)			18,870,795				18,870,795
Series C convertible redeemable participating preferred shares ($0.001 par value; 3,744,172 shares authorized as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively; 3,744,172 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively; liquidation value of $34,293,524 as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively)			31,341,398				31,341,398
Series D convertible redeemable participating preferred shares ($0.001 par value; 5,215,116 shares authorized as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively; 5,215,116 shares issued and outstanding, as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively; liquidation value of $70,000,000 as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively)			67,874,778				67,874,778
Total mezzanine equity			126,973,362				126,973,362
Deficits
Ordinary shares ($0.001 par value; 35,689,115 shares authorized as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018; 4,244,703 and 5,186,005 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively)			4,245				5,186
Subscription receivable from ordinary shareholders			(4,200	)			(773,335	)
Additional paid in capital			1,739,231				28,177,928
Accumulated deficits			(98,743,567	)			(144,324,380	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income			541,096				1,188,633
Total Tantan Limited shareholders’ deficits			(96,463,195	)			(115,725,968	)
Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and deficits		$	35,525,196			$	27,935,948

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

---

TANTAN LIMITED

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

		For the three-month periods ended March 31,
		2017				2018
Net revenues		$	—			$	7,006,658
Cost and expenses
Cost of revenue (including share-based compensation of $nil and $170,852 in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively)			—				(3,867,520	)
Selling and marketing (including share-based compensation of $8,266 and $313,913 in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively)			(6,690,606	)			(19,409,896	)
General and administrative (including share-based compensation of $88,021 and $23,729,791 in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively)			(1,804,759	)			(24,844,857	)
Research and development (including share-based compensation of $65,600 and $1,455,947 in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively)			(893,439	)			(4,603,384	)
Total cost and expenses			(9,388,804	)			(52,725,657	)
Loss from operations			(9,388,804	)			(45,718,999	)
Interest income			28,784				138,186
Loss before income tax			(9,360,020	)			(45,580,813	)
Income tax expense			—				—
Net loss			(9,360,020	)			(45,580,813	)
Net loss attributable to Tantan Limited			(9,360,020	)			(45,580,813	)
Net loss attributable to holders of ordinary shares of Tantan Limited		$	(9,360,020	)		$	(45,580,813	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

---

TANTAN LIMITED

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

		For the three-month periods ended March 31,
		2017				2018
Net loss		$	(9,360,020	)		$	(45,580,813	)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustment			43,430				647,537
Comprehensive loss attributable to Tantan Limited		$	(9,316,590	)		$	(44,933,276	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

---

TANTAN LIMITED

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN DEFICIT

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

		Ordinary Shares				Ordinary amount				Share Subscription Receivable				Additional paid-in capital				Accumulated deficit				Accumulated comprehensive (loss)/income				Total shareholders’ deficit
Balance as of January 1, 2017			4,200,000			$	4,200			$	(4,200	)		$	556,873			$	(38,248,784	)		$	(564,988	)		$	(38,256,899	)
Net loss			—				—				—				—				(9,360,020	)			—				(9,360,020	)
Share-based compensation			—				—				—				161,887				—				—				161,887
Foreign currency translation adjustments			—				—				—				—				—				43,430				43,430
Balance as of March 31, 2017			4,200,000			$	4,200			$	(4,200	)		$	718,760			$	(47,608,804	)		$	(521,558	)		$	(47,411,602	)
Balance as of January 1, 2018			4,244,703			$	4,245			$	(4,200	)		$	1,739,231			$	(98,743,567	)		$	541,096			$	(96,463,195	)
Net loss			—				—				—				—				(45,580,813	)			—				(45,580,813	)
Issuance of ordinary shares (see note 8)			941,302				941				(769,135	)			768,194				—				—				—
Share-based compensation			—				—				—				25,670,503				—				—				25,670,503
Foreign currency translation adjustments			—				—				—				—				—				647,537				647,537
Balance as of March 31, 2018			5,186,005			$	5,186			$	(773,335	)		$	28,177,928			$	(144,324,380	)		$	1,188,633			$	(115,725,968	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

---

TANTAN LIMITED

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

		For the three-month periods ended March 31,
		2017				2018
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss		$	(9,360,020	)		$	(45,580,813	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation of property and equipment			222,643				480,743
Share-based compensation			161,887				25,670,503
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Account receivables			—				(2,354,684	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets			(494,459	)			232,569
Other non-current assets			—				4,557
Amounts due from related parties			1,997				(950	)
Accounts payable			(424	)			256,313
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities			721,204				7,243,573
Deferred revenue			—				3,860,491
Amounts due to related parties			4,372				(16,270	)
Net cash used in operating activities			(8,742,800	)			(10,203,968	)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment			(196,989	)			(1,246,038	)
Payment for short-term investment			—				(28,647,883	)
Purchase of term deposits			—				(8,148,119	)
Cash received upon maturity of term deposits			4,533,898				11,296,238
Cash received from sales of short-term investments			—				32,425,626
Net cash provided by in investing activities			4,336,909				5,679,824
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of Series D convertible redeemable participating preferred shares			29,950,000				—
Net cash provided by financing activities			29,950,000				—
Effect of foreign exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents			28,358				288,188
Net increase in/(decrease by) cash and cash equivalents			25,572,467				(4,235,956	)
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of period			6,627,581				15,369,641
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of period		$	32,200,048			$	11,133,685
Non-cash investing and financing activities
Payable for purchase of property and equipment			—				—
Receivable from Series D convertible redeemable participating preferred shareholders			25,000,000				—
Receivable of exercised warrant consideration			36				—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

---

TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE THREE-MONTH PERIODS ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 AND 2018

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

1.	ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

The following financial statements amounts and balances of the variable interest entity (“VIE”) were included in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements after the elimination of intercompany balances and transactions:

 

		As of December 31,				As of March 31,
		2017				2018
Cash and cash equivalents		$	3,278,764			$	4,838,840
Accounts receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $nil and $nil as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively			79,269				2,467,087
Prepaid expenses and other current assets			132,085				1,134,905
Short-term investments			9,375,528				5,898,670
Total current assets			12,865,646				14,339,502
Total assets			13,063,389				15,658,062
Total current liabilities			757,844				14,560,966
Total liabilities		$	757,844			$	14,560,966

 

		For the three-month periods ended March 31,
		2017				2018
Net revenues		$	—			$	7,006,658
Net loss		$	(24,932	)		$	(13,009,035	)
Net cash used in operating activities		$	(16,789	)		$	(2,689,903	)
Net cash (used in)/provided by investing activities		$	(477	)		$	2,619,870
Net cash provided by financing activities		$	—			$	—

 

2.	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of presentation and use of estimates

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial reporting. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Accordingly, these statements should be read in conjunction with the Group’s audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017.

In the opinion of the management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary for a fair presentation of financial results for the interim periods presented. The Group believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared using the same accounting policies as used in the preparation of the Group’s consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full years.

The financial information as of December 31, 2017 presented in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements is derived from the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Foreign currency risk

The Renminbi is not a freely convertible currency. The State Administration for Foreign Exchange, under the authority of the People’s Bank of China, controls the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies. The value of the (“RMB”) is subject to changes in central government policies and to international economic and political

---

TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE THREE-MONTH PERIODS ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 AND 2018

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

2.	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

Foreign currency risk - continued

 

developments affecting supply and demand in the China Foreign Exchange Trading System market. Cash and cash equivalents of the Group included aggregate amounts of $5,152,650 and $7,473,510 as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively, which were denominated in RMB.

Concentration of revenue

No user or customer accounted for 10% or more of net revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively. Third-party application stores and other payment channels accounting for 10% or more of accounts receivables are as follows:

 

		As of December 31,				As of March 31,
		2017				2018
A			69	%			87	%

Revenue recognition

The Group recognizes revenue when a persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. The Group derives its revenue from value-added service.

Value-added services revenues include membership subscription revenue and super-like service revenue. Membership subscription is a service package which enables members to enjoy additional functions and privileges. The contract period for the membership subscription ranges from one month to one year. All membership subscription is nonrefundable. The Group collects membership subscription in advance and records it as deferred revenue. Revenue is recognized ratably over the contract period for the membership subscription services. Revenue from super-like services is insignificant for the periods presented.

Super-like services is a service whereby users can enjoy purchase of virtual items from the Group and present them to other users. All virtual items are nonrefundable and the Group collects the cash from the purchase of virtual goods in advance and records it as deferred revenue until the users chose to display the virtual gift purchased. Revenue derived from the sale of virtual gifts are recorded on a gross basis as the Group has determined that it is the principal in providing the services.

Marketing expenses

The Group expenses marketing expenses as incurred, including advertising expenses and promotional video production fees. Total advertising expenses incurred were $6,330,720 and $17,960,991 for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively, and have been included in sales and marketing expenses in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations.

Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

In May 2014, Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting Standards Updates, or ASU, 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), to clarify the principles of recognizing revenue and create common revenue recognition guidance between U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards. An entity has the option to apply the provisions of ASU 2014-09 either retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying this standard recognized at the date of initial application. ASU2014-09 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2016, and early adoption is not permitted.

---

TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE THREE-MONTH PERIODS ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 AND 2018

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

2.	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted - continued

 

In August 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-14 to defer the effective date of ASU 2014-09, for non-public entities to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Earlier adoption is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period.

In May 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-12 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients. The amendments in this ASU do not change the core principle of the guidance in Topic 606. Rather, the amendments in this ASU affect only the narrow aspects of Topic 606. The areas improved include: (1) Assessing the Collectability Criterion in Paragraph 606-10-25-1(e) and Accounting for Contracts That Do Not Meet the Criteria for Step 1; (2) Presentation of Sales Taxes and Other Similar Taxes Collected from Customers; (3) Noncash Consideration; (4) Contract Modifications at Transition; (5) Completed Contracts at Transition; and (6) Technical Correction. The effective date and transition requirements for the amendments in this Update are the same as the effective date and transition requirements for Topic 606 (and any other Topic amended by Update 2014-09). The Group has completed its preliminary assessment of the new revenue standard and does not believe that the impact will be material to its consolidated financial statements. The Group expects to adopt the new standard using the modified retrospective method.

In February 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-02 related to Leases. Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to recognize all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date including a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. Lessees (for capital and operating leases) and lessors must apply a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. The modified retrospective approach would not require any transition accounting for leases that expired before the earliest comparative period presented. Lessees may not apply a full retrospective transition approach. Non-public business entities should apply the amendments in ASU 2016-02 for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years (i.e., January 1, 2019, for a calendar year entity). Early application is permitted. The Group is in the process of evaluating the impact of the standard on the consolidated financial statements.

In May, 2017, FASB issued a new pronouncement, ASU 2017-09, which amends the scope of modification accounting for share-based payment arrangements. The ASU provides guidance on the types of changes to the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards to which an entity would be required to apply modification accounting under ASC 718. Specifically, an entity would not apply modification accounting if the fair value, vesting conditions, and classification of the awards are the same immediately before and after the modification. The new accounting guidance is effective for annual reporting periods, including interim periods within those annual reporting periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period. The Group is in the process of assessing the impact on its consolidated financial statements from the adoption of the new guidance.

---

TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE THREE-MONTH PERIODS ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 AND 2018

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

3.	PREPAID EXPENSE AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

 

		As of December 31,				As of March 31,
		2017				2018
Advance to advertisement suppliers		$	1,984,846			$	1,006,295
Deferred platform commission cost			—				484,163
Prepaid rental expenses			330,643				288,456
Input VAT			—				286,721
Others			125,976				225,219
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets		$	2,441,465			$	2,290,854

 

4.	PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

 

		As of December 31,				As of March 31,
		2017				2018
Computer Equipment		$	4,583,912			$	5,913,924
Leasehold Improvement			314,430				406,255
Office equipment			196,182				218,576
Total			5,094,524				6,538,755
Less: accumulated depreciation			(1,755,116	)			(2,303,819	)
Property and equipment, net		$	3,339,408			$	4,234,936

Depreciation expenses charged to the consolidated statements of operations for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018 were $222,643 and $480,743, respectively.

 

5.	ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

 

		As of December 31,				As of March 31,
		2017				2018
Payable for advertisement		$	3,550,560			$	10,596,649
Accrued payroll and welfare			732,281				1,240,531
Other tax payable			38,554				—
Others			109,058				94,140
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities		$	4,430,453			$	11,931,320

 

6.	FAIR VALUE

Measured on recurring basis

The Group measured its financial assets and liabilities including the cash and cash equivalents at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018. Cash and cash equivalents are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued based on the quoted market price in an active market.

---

TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE THREE-MONTH PERIODS ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 AND 2018

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

6.	FAIR VALUE - continued

Measured on recurring basis - continued

 

As of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, information about inputs for the fair value measurements of the Group’s assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis in periods subsequent to their initial recognition is as follows:

 

			Fair Value Measurement as of December 31,
Description			2017				Quoted Prices in Active Market for Identical Assets				Significant Other Observable Inputs				Significant Unobservable Inputs
							(Level 1)				(Level 2)				(Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents		$	15,369,641			$	15,369,641			$	—			$	—
Total		$	15,369,641			$	15,369,641			$	—			$	—

 

		Fair Value Measurement as of March 31,
Description		2018				Quoted Prices in Active Market for Identical Assets				Significant Other Observable Inputs				Significant Unobservable Inputs
						(Level 1)				(Level 2)				(Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents		$	11,133,685			$	11,133,685			$	—			$	—
Total		$	11,133,685			$	11,133,685			$	—			$	—

The Group did not have Level 2 and Level 3 investments as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018.

Measured or disclosed at fair value on a non-recurring basis

The Group did not have any financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018.

 

7.	INCOME TAXES

The following table presents details of the provision for income taxes and the effective tax rates:

 

		For the three-month periods ended March 31
		2017				2018
Provision for income tax		$	—			$	—
Effective tax rates		$	—			$	—

The current and deferred components of the income tax expense appearing in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations are as follows:

 

		For the three-month periods ended March 31
		2017				2018
Current tax expense		$	—			$	—
Deferred tax expense		$	—			$	—
Provision for income tax		$	—			$	—

The Group does not have any present plan to pay any cash dividends on its ordinary shares in the foreseeable future. It intends to retain most of its available funds and any future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of its business. As of March 31, 2018, the Group has not declared any dividends.

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TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE THREE-MONTH PERIODS ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 AND 2018

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

7.	INCOME TAXES - continued

 

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Group’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

 

		As of December 31,				As of March 31,
		2017				2018
Non-current deferred tax assets:
Advertising expense		$	15,080,606			$	19,857,399
Net operating tax losses carry-forward			6,338,523				7,846,459
Less: valuation allowance			(21,419,129	)			(27,703,858	)
Non-current deferred tax assets, net		$	—			$	—

The Group considers the following factors, among other matters, when determining whether some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will more likely than not be realized: the nature, frequency and severity of losses, forecasts of future profitability, the duration of statutory carry-forward periods, the Group’s experience with tax attributes expiring unused and tax planning alternatives. The Group’s ability to realize deferred tax assets depends on its ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carry-forward periods provided for in the tax law.

As of March 31, 2018, the tax loss carry-forward for WFOE and VIE amounted to $28,151,924 and will expire on various dates between December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2023. As of March 31, 2018, the tax loss carry-forward for Tantan HK amounted to $4,880,297, which would be carried forward indefinitely and set off against its future taxable profits. As of March 31, 2018, the tax loss carry-forward for Tantan US amounted to $11,532, which would be carried forward indefinitely and set off against its future taxable profits. The Group does not file combined or consolidated tax returns, therefore, losses from individual subsidiaries or the VIE may not be used to offset other subsidiaries’ or VIE’s earnings within the Group. A valuation allowance is considered on each individual subsidiary and legal entity basis. Valuation allowances have been established with respect to all deferred tax assets as it is considered more likely than not that the relevant deferred tax assets will not be realized in the foreseeable future.

The Group did not identify any significant unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018. The Group did not incur any interest or penalties related to potential underpaid income tax expenses and also believes that uncertainty in income taxes does have a significant impact on the unrecognized tax benefits within next twelve months.

 

8.	ORDINARY SHARES

In February 2018, the Company issued 941,302 ordinary shares to CBNC Investment Limited, a Company controlled by the Company’s chief executive officer (“CEO”) for a cash consideration of $769,135. As of March 31, 2018, the cash payment for the shares was not received and the Company recorded the receivable as subscription receivable in its unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. Additionally, the Company recorded the excess of the fair value of the shares issued over the cash consideration, amounting to $23,121,110, as share-based compensation as it represented compensation to the Company’s CEO for prior services rendered.

As of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, 6,794,703 and 7,736,005 ordinary shares were issued and outstanding, respectively, of which 2,550,000 were classified as redeemable ordinary shares due to the redemption option available to those ordinary shareholders upon certain contingent events. As the redemption feature was remote, no accretion was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2018.

---

TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE THREE-MONTH PERIODS ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 AND 2018

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

9.	CONVERTIBLE REDEEMABLE PARTICIPATING PREFERRED SHARES

As of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, the liquidation value of the preferred shares was $121,820,236.

 

10.	SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Share options

The following table summarizes the option activity for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018:

 

		Number of options				Weighted average exercise price per option				Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)				Aggregated intrinsic value
Outstanding as of January 1, 2018			1,085,602			$	0.9716				7.54			$	26,497,789
Granted			1,181,721			$	1.0297
Exercised			—				—
Forfeited			(6,924	)		$	1.3992
Cancelled			(826,000	)		$	0.9031
Outstanding as of March 31, 2018			1,434,399			$	1.0569				9.84			$	28,671,177
Exercisable as of March 31, 2018			73,393			$	0.8799				7.19			$	1,745,284

There were 73,393 vested options, and 1,030,472 options expected to vest as of March 31, 2018. For options expected to vest, the weighted-average exercise price was $1.02 as of March 31, 2018 and the aggregate intrinsic value amounted to $6,353,172 and $27,289,235 as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively.

In February, 2018, the Company cancelled 448,000 share options granted to the employees and executives and newly granted 244,542 share options with new vesting terms under the 2015 Plan. The Company treated the cancellation and reissuance as a modification. The total incremental cost resulting from the modification was insignificant.

In February, 2018, the Company cancelled 378,000 outstanding share options previously granted to employees and executives under the 2015 Plan. As a result, the Company immediately recognized the unvested compensation cost attributable to the cancellation which was insignificant.

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of the share options granted during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018 was $nil and $24.18, respectively. Total intrinsic value of options exercised for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018 was $nil and $nil, respectively. The total fair value of options vested during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018 was $177,913 and $1,529,679, respectively.

The fair value of each option granted was estimated on the date of grant using the binomial tree pricing model with the following assumptions used for grants during the applicable periods:

 

		Risk-free interest rate of return				Contractual term				Volatility				Dividend yield				Exercise Price
2018			3.26%-3.48%				10 years				55.20	%			—			$	0.001-$1.600

 

(1)

Risk-free interest rate

Risk-free interest rate was estimated based on the yield to maturity of China international government bonds with a maturity period close to the expected term of the options.

 

(2)

Contractual term

The Company used the original contractual term.

---

TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE THREE-MONTH PERIODS ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 AND 2018

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

10.	SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - continued

Share options - continued

 

(3)

Volatility

The volatility of the underlying ordinary shares during the life of the options was estimated based on the historical stock price volatility of comparable listed companies over a period comparable to the expected term of the options.

 

(4)

Dividend yield

The dividend yield was estimated by the Group based on its expected dividend policy over the expected term of the options.

 

(5)

Exercise price

The exercise price of the options was determined by the Group’s board of directors.

 

(6)

Fair value of underlying ordinary shares

The estimated fair value of the ordinary shares underlying the options as of the respective grant dates was determined based on a retrospective valuation, which used management’s best estimate for projected cash flows as of each valuation date.

For employee share options, the Group recorded share-based compensation of $161,887 and $2,549,393 during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively, based on the fair value on the grant dates over the requisite service period of award according to the vesting schedule for employee share option.

As of March 31, 2018, total unrecognized compensation expense relating to unvested share options was $26,068,663, which will be recognized over 3.84 years. The weighted-average remaining contractual term of options outstanding is 9.84 years.

 

11.	COMMITMENTS

Lease commitment

The Group leases certain office premises under non-cancelable leases. Rental expense under operating leases for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018 was $83,020 and $312,956, respectively.

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases agreements are as follows:

 

April to December 2018		$	1,047,025
2019			1,194,827
2020			810,827
2021			129,616
Total		$	3,182,295

 

12.	RELATED PARTY BALANCES AND TRANSACTIONS

The table below sets forth major related parties and their relationships with the Group:

 

Company name		Relationship with the Group
P1’s holding in Tantan Limited		Ordinary shareholder
P1 Capital Limited		Under control of the Company’s CEO
CBNB Investment Limited		Under control of the Company’s CEO
Singularity Capital Investment Co. Ltd. (“Singularity”)		One of Singularity’s board of director has significant influence over the Company.

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TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE THREE-MONTH PERIODS ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 AND 2018

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

12.	RELATED PARTY BALANCES AND TRANSACTIONS - continued

 

Details of related party balances and transactions as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018 are as follows:

 

(i)

Amounts due from related parties

 

		As of December 31,				As of March 31,
		2017				2018
CBNB Investment Limited		$	3,942			$	4,949
Total		$	3,942			$	4,949

 

(ii)

Amounts due to related parties

 

		As of December 31,				As of March 31,
		2017				2018
P1 Capital Limited (Note 1)		$	64,992			$	48,722
Total		$	64,992			$	48,722

 

Note 1:

The balance as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018 represents payable for technical consulting services and marketing services provided by P1 Capital Limited.

 

(iii)

Purchase from related parties

 

		For the Three-month periods Ended March 31,
		2017				2018
P1 Capital Limited (Note 1)		$	197,654			$	145,301
Singularity Capital Investment Co. Ltd.			1,089				—
Total		$	198,743			$	145,301

 

Note 1:

The purchase from P1 Capital Limited is mainly related to consulting services.

 

13.	EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN

Full time employees of the Company in the PRC participate in a government-mandated defined contribution plan pursuant to which certain pension benefits, medical care, unemployment insurance, employee housing fund and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. The Company accrues for these benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries. The total contribution for such employee benefits was $239,784 and $685,259 for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively.

 

14.	SUBSEQUENT EVENT

The Company has evaluated all events subsequent to the balance sheet date of March 31, 2018 through June 25, 2018, the issuance date of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Newly issued share options

In April, 2018, the Company granted 198,867 share options to its employees and executives with an exercise price ranging from $0.01 to $1.6 per share and with the vesting period of 4 years. The Company is in the process of completing its valuation related to those options granted.

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TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE THREE-MONTH PERIODS ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 AND 2018

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

14.	SUBSEQUENT EVENT - continued

 

Claim with Match Group, LLC (“Match”)

In May 2018, the Group settled a claim brought by Match in the Western District of Texas alleging various breaches by the Group of Match’s intellectual property relating to its mobile-dating apps. Pursuant to the settlement, the Group agreed to make certain royalty payments linked to the size of the Group’s average annual monthly activer users and redesign its application used in the United States. The total royalty payments is estimated to be immaterial.

Exhibit 99.3

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT

TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF TANTAN LIMITED

We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Tantan Limited (the “Company”), its subsidiaries and its variable interest entity (collectively, referred to as the “Group”) which comprise the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, changes in deficit and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes to the financial statements.

Management’s Responsibility for the Financial Statements

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America; this includes the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

Auditor’s Responsibility

Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free from material misstatement.

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditor’s judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the Group’s preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements.

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

Opinion

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Group as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

/s/ Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Certified Public Accountants LLP

Beijing, the People’s Republic of China

June 25, 2018

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TANTAN LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

		As of December 31,
		2016				2017
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents		$	6,627,581			$	15,369,641
Term deposits			4,500,000				4,610,915
Accounts receivable net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $nil and $nil as of December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively			—				79,269
Prepaid expenses and other current assets			614,517				2,441,465
Amounts due from related parties			3,536				3,942
Short-term investments			1,584,330				9,375,528
Total current assets			13,329,964				31,880,760
Property and equipment, net			2,160,009				3,339,408
Other non-current assets			229,249				305,028
Total assets			15,719,222				35,525,196
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Accounts payable (including accounts payable of the consolidated VIE without recourse to the Group of $nil and $nil as of December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively)			279,133				422,304
Deferred revenue (including deferred revenue of the consolidated VIE without recourse to the Group of $nil and $97,280 as of December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively)			—				97,280
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (including accrued expenses and other current liabilities of the consolidated VIE without recourse to the Company of $37,399 and $660,564 as of December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively)			2,434,669				4,430,453
Amounts due to related parties (including amounts due to related parties of the consolidated VIE without recourse to the Company of $nil and $nil as of December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively)			58,978				64,992
Warrants (including warrants of the consolidated VIE without recourse to the Company of $nil and $nil as of December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively)			158,513				—
Total current liabilities			2,931,293				5,015,029
Total liabilities			2,931,293				5,015,029

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TANTAN LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - continued

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

		As of December 31,
		2016				2017
Commitments (Note 12)
Mezzanine equity
Redeemable ordinary shares ($0.001 par value, 2,550,000 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively)			2,779,500				2,779,500
Series A convertible redeemable participating preferred shares ($0.001 par value; 2,250,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively; 2,250,000 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively; liquidation value of $4,500,000 as of December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively)			4,274,413				6,106,891
Series B convertible redeemable participating preferred shares ($0.001 par value; 3,101,597 shares authorized as of December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively; 3,101,597 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively; liquidation value of $13,026,712 as of December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively)			12,960,798				18,870,795
Series C convertible redeemable participating preferred shares ($0.001 par value; 3,744,172 shares authorized as of December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively; 3,730,005 shares and 3,744,172 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively; liquidation value of $34,163,776 and $34,293,534 as of December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively)			31,030,117				31,341,398
Series D convertible redeemable participating preferred shares ($0.001 par value; nil and 5,215,116 shares authorized as of December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively; nil and 5,215,116 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively; liquidation value of $nil and $70,000,000 as of December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively)			—				67,874,778
Total mezzanine equity			51,044,828				126,973,362
Deficits
Ordinary shares ($0.001 par value; 40,904,231 and 35,689,115 shares authorized as of December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively; 4,200,000 and 4,244,703 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively)			4,200				4,245
Subscription receivable from ordinary shareholders			(4,200	)			(4,200	)
Additional paid in capital			556,873				1,739,231
Accumulated deficits			(38,248,784	)			(98,743,567	)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss)/income			(564,988	)			541,096
Total Tantan Limited shareholders’ deficits			(38,256,899	)			(96,463,195	)
Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and deficits		$	15,719,222			$	35,525,196

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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TANTAN LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

		For the years ended December 31,
		2016				2017
Net revenues		$	—			$	170,695
Cost and expenses
Cost of revenue (including share-based compensation of $nil and $81,237 in the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively)			—				(3,808,936	)
Selling and marketing (including share-based compensation of $22,446 and $nil in the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively)			(18,066,935	)			(38,472,418	)
General and administrative (including share-based compensation of $181,904 and $279,099 in the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively)			(4,965,600	)			(6,331,017	)
Research and development (including share-based compensation of $98,517 and $222,067 in the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively)			(2,212,744	)			(4,586,213	)
Total cost and expenses			(25,245,279	)			(53,198,584	)
Income from operations			(25,245,279	)			(53,027,889	)
Interest income			61,807				428,335
Fair value changes of warrants			(28,743	)			(152,754	)
Loss before income tax			(25,212,215	)			(52,752,308	)
Income tax expense			—				—
Net loss			(25,212,215	)			(52,752,308	)
Net loss attributable to Tantan Limited			(25,212,215	)			(52,752,308	)
Deemed dividend to Series A convertible redeemable participating preferred shareholders			—				(1,832,478	)
Deemed dividend to Series B convertible redeemable participating preferred shareholders			—				(5,909,997	)
Net loss attributable to holders of ordinary shares of Tantan Limited		$	(25,212,215	)		$	(60,494,783	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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TANTAN LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

		For the years ended December 31,
		2016				2017
Net loss		$	(25,212,215	)		$	(52,752,308	)
Other comprehensive (loss)/income, net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustment			(221,318	)			1,106,084
Comprehensive loss attributable to Tantan Limited		$	(25,433,533	)		$	(51,646,224	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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TANTAN LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN DEFICIT

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

		Ordinary shares				Ordinary amount				Share subscription Receivable				Additional paid-in capital				Accumulated deficit				Accumulated comprehensive (loss)/income				Total shareholders’ deficit
Balance as of January 1, 2016			4,200,000			$	4,200			$	(4,200	)		$	254,006			$	(13,036,569	)		$	(343,670	)		$	(13,126,233	)
Net loss			—				—				—				—				(25,212,215	)			—				(25,212,215	)
Share-based compensation			—				—				—				302,867				—				—				302,867
Foreign currency translation adjustments			—				—				—				—				—				(221,318	)			(221,318	)
Balance as of December 31, 2016			4,200,000			$	4,200			$	(4,200	)		$	556,873			$	(38,248,784	)		$	(564,988	)		$	(38,256,899	)
Net loss			—				—				—				—				(52,752,308	)			—				(52,752,308	)
Issuance of ordinary shares			44,703				45				—				599,955				—				—				600,000
Share-based compensation			—				—				—				582,403				—				—				582,403
Repurchase and issuance of Series A and B convertible redeemable participating preferred shareholders (See note 10)			—				—				—				—				(7,742,475	)			—				(7,742,475	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments			—				—				—				—				—				1,106,084				1,106,084
Balance as of December 31, 2017			4,244,703			$	4,245			$	(4,200	)		$	1,739,231			$	(98,743,567	)		$	541,096			$	(96,463,195	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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TANTAN LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

		For the years ended December 31,
		2016				2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss		$	(25,212,215	)		$	(52,752,308	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation of property and equipment			427,708				1,218,659
Share-based compensation			302,867				582,403
Fair value changes of warrants			28,743				152,754
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable			—				(76,329	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets			46,760				(1,754,740	)
Other non-current assets			(239,710	)			(58,395	)
Amounts due from related parties			(3,456	)			(337	)
Accounts payable			118,788				241,741
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities			2,166,992				1,688,710
Deferred revenue			—				93,672
Amounts due to related parties			(149,988	)			6,014
Net cash used in operating activities			(22,513,511	)			(50,658,156	)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment			(2,142,715	)			(2,343,602	)
Payment for short-term investments			(1,656,627	)			(41,083,929	)
Purchase of term deposits			(9,000,000	)			(73,315,492	)
Cash received upon maturity of term deposits			4,500,000				73,405,486
Cash received from sales of short-term investments			—				33,684,086
Net cash used in investing activities			(8,299,342	)			(9,653,451	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares			—				600,000
Proceeds from issuance of Series A convertible redeemable participating preferred shares			—				2,186,353
Proceeds from issuance of Series B convertible redeemable participating preferred shares			5,026,712				8,814,127
Proceeds from issuance of Series C convertible redeemable participating preferred shares			31,159,636				—
Proceeds from issuance of Series D convertible redeemable participating preferred shares			—				67,874,778
Proceeds from exercise of warrants			215				51
Repurchase of Series A and B convertible redeemable participating preferred shares			—				(11,000,480	)
Net cash provided by financing activities			36,186,563				68,474,829
Effect of foreign exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents			(424,150	)			578,838
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents			4,949,560				8,742,060
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of year			1,678,021				6,627,581
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of year		$	6,627,581			$	15,369,641
Non-cash investing and financing activities
Payable for purchase of property and equipment			118,652				—
Receivable of exercised warrant consideration			36				—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2017

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

1.	ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

Tantan Limited (the “Company” or “Tantan”), a private holding company, was incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands on November 26, 2014. The Company, its subsidiaries and its consolidated variable interest entity (“VIE”) (collectively the “Group”) are principally engaged in providing mobile-based social networking services. The Group started its monetization by introducing fee based value-added service in the third quarter of 2017.

As of December 31, 2017, details of the Company’s subsidiaries and VIE are as follows:

 

		Date of incorporation				Percentage of economic ownership				Place of incorporation
Subsidiaries
Tantan Hong Kong Limited (“Tantan HK”)			2014-12-18				100	%			HK
Tantan Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (“Beijing Tantan IT” or “WFOE”)			2015-03-06				100	%			PRC
Tantan Social Inc. (“Tantan US”)			2017-12-18				100	%			US
VIE
Tantan Culture Development (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (“Beijing Tantan” or “VIE”)			2014-12-26				N/A	*			PRC

 

*	The entity is controlled by the Company pursuant to the contractual arrangements disclosed below.

The Company owns 100% equity interests in Tantan HK, an intermediate holding company incorporated in Hong Kong on December 18, 2014. Tantan HK owns 100% equity interests in Beijing Tantan IT, a wholly foreign-owned enterprise, incorporated in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”) on March 6, 2015.

The Company entered into a group reorganization by way of entering into a series of contractual arrangements between its WFOE and the VIE in May, 2015. Immediately before and after the reorganization, Mr. Wang Yu, who is the founder (the “Founder”) and chief executive officer (the “CEO”) of the Company, controlled the Company, the WFOE and the VIE. Accordingly, the reorganization was accounted for as a transaction among entities under common control.

The VIE arrangements

PRC regulations currently limit direct foreign ownership of business entities providing value-added telecommunications services, advertising services and internet services in the PRC where certain licenses are required for the provision of such services. To comply with these PRC regulations, Beijing Tantan IT and Beijing Tantan’s shareholders entered into various contractual arrangements (collectively, the “VIE Agreements”) in May 2015 whereby the shareholders’ claim to the economic benefits of Beijing Tantan and their ability to control the activities of Beijing Tantan was transferred to Beijing Tantan IT. The Group provides substantially all of its services in the PRC through Beijing Tantan, which holds the operating licenses and approvals to enable the Group to provide such mobile internet content services in the PRC. The equity interests of Beijing Tantan are legally held by the spousal of CEO and a third-party individual (“Nominee Shareholders”).

The Company obtained control over Beijing Tantan through Beijing Tantan IT on May 27, 2015 by entering into a series of contractual arrangements between Beijing Tantan IT, Beijing Tantan and its Nominee Shareholders that enable the Company to (1) have power to direct the activities that most significantly affect the economic performance of the VIE, and (2) receive the economic benefits of the VIE that could be significant to the VIE. Accordingly, the Company is considered the primary beneficiary of the VIE and has consolidated the VIE’s financial results of operations, assets and liabilities in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In making the conclusion that the Company is the primary beneficiary of the VIE, the Company’s rights under the Power of Attorney (the “Power of Attorney”) also provide the Company’s abilities to direct the activities that

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TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2017

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

1.	ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES - continued

The VIE arrangements - continued

 

most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance. The Company also believes that this ability to exercise control ensures that the VIE will continue to execute and renew the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreements (the “EBCA”) and pay service fees to the Company. By charging service fees in whatever amounts the Company deems fit, and by ensuring that the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreements is executed and renewed indefinitely, the Company has the rights to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIE.

The Group further entered into Power of Attorney, Exclusive Option Agreement and Equity Interest Pledge Agreement to add additional Nominee Shareholders in July, 2017. There was no substantial change to the term and conditions of the VIE Agreements entered with the additional Nominee Shareholders and the change had no impact on the Company’s VIE consolidation.

The following is a summary of the contractual agreements that the Company, through Beijing Tantan IT, entered into with Beijing Tantan and its Nominee Shareholders, as entered into in May 2015 and July 2017:

Agreements that provide the Company effective control over the VIE:

 

(1)

Power of Attorney

Pursuant to the Power of Attorney, the Nominee Shareholders of Beijing Tantan each irrevocably appointed Beijing Tantan IT as the attorney-in-fact to act on their behalf on all matters pertaining to Beijing Tantan and to exercise all of their rights as a shareholder of Beijing Tantan, including but not limited to convene, attend and vote on their behalf at Nominee Shareholders’ meetings, designate and appoint directors and senior management members. Beijing Tantan IT may authorize or assign its rights under this appointment to a person as approved by its board of directors at its sole discretion. Each power of attorney will remain in force until the Nominee Shareholder ceases to hold any equity interest in Beijing Tantan. The Company believes the Powers of Attorney can demonstrate the power of its PRC subsidiary (Beijing Tantan IT) to direct how the VIE should conduct its daily operations.

 

(2)

Exclusive Option Agreement

Under the Exclusive Option Agreement among Beijing Tantan, Beijing Tantan IT and the Nominee Shareholders of Beijing Tantan, each of the Nominee Shareholder irrevocably granted Beijing Tantan IT an exclusive option to purchase (the “Direct Acquisition Option”) or designate a third party to purchase (the “Direct Transfer Option”) all or any part of its equity interest in Beijing Tantan, at a price equal to RMB10 or the lowest price permitted by PRC law. Beijing Tantan IT or its designated representative(s) may exercise the option at any time at their sole discretion either in part or in full. Without Beijing Tantan IT’s prior written consent, the Nominee Shareholders of Beijing Tantan are prohibited from selling, pledging, or otherwise disposing of any equity interest in Beijing Tantan in any way. This agreement can be terminated if all the shareholders’ equity is acquired by the WFOE or by its designated representative(s) subject to the law of the PRC. The Purchase Option cannot be terminated without WFOE’s prior written consent.

 

(3)

Spousal Consent Letters

Each spouse of the married Nominee Shareholders of Beijing Tantan entered into a Spousal Consent Letter, in which they unconditionally and irrevocably agreed that the equity interests in Beijing Tantan held by and registered in the name of their spouse will be disposed of pursuant to the Equity Interest Pledge Agreement, the Exclusive Option Agreement, and the Power of Attorney. Each spouse agreed not to assert any rights over the equity interests in Beijing Tantan held by their spouse. In addition, in the event that the spouse obtains any equity interests in Beijing Tantan held by their spouse for any reason, they agreed to be bound by the contractual arrangements.

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TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2017

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

1.	ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES - continued

The VIE arrangements - continued

 

(3)

Spousal Consent Letters - continued

 

Agreements that transfer economic benefits to the Company:

 

(1)

Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreements (the “EBCA”)

The WFOE entered into an Exclusive Business Corporation Agreement with Beijing Tantan to exclusively provide consulting and services for software development, maintenance, internet technology support, marketing and promotion, equipment and property leasing. Beijing Tantan is prohibited from engaging a third party to provide the services covered by the EBCA. The service fee of the EBCA (the “Service Fee”) equals the gross income of Beijing Tantan deducting the costs agreed by the WFOE and VIE.

In addition, the WFOE exclusively owns all intellectual property rights arising from the performance of the EBCA as permitted under PRC laws.

The EBCA is effective permanently unless the WFOE terminates the EBCA at its sole discretion. However, Beijing Tantan cannot terminate the EBCA without the WFOE’s written consent.

 

(2)

Equity Interest Pledge Agreement (the “Pledge Agreement”)

Under the Pledge Agreement among the Nominee Shareholders of Beijing Tantan and Beijing Tantan IT, the Nominee Shareholders of Beijing Tantan pledge all of their equity interests in Beijing Tantan (and associated obligations) to the WFOE. The Nominee Shareholders are prohibited from transferring or assigning their pledged equity interests, or creating or allowing any encumbrance that would prejudice the WFOE’s interests without the WFOE’s prior written consent. The Nominee Shareholders are prohibited from declaring any dividend, bonus or profit distribution. If the Nominee Shareholders receive any economic interests by means of their equity interests in Beijing Tantan, such interests belong to the WFOE. The Pledge Agreement was effective upon registration of the pledges with the local branch of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, and expires on the date the VIE Agreements are legally terminated or upon completed performance of all of the obligations under the VIE Agreements. In the event of default, as defined under the Pledge Agreement, the WFOE, as the pledgee, is entitled to foreclose on the pledged equity interests and dispose of them at public auction or sale to recover amounts due under the various agreements in accordance with PRC laws. The WFOE has sole discretion in renewing or terminating the Pledge Agreement.

Through these contractual agreements, the Company has the ability to effectively control the VIE and is also able to receive substantially all the economic benefits of the VIE.

Risk in relation to the VIE structure

The Company believes that Beijing Tantan IT and Beijing Tantan’s contractual arrangements with the VIE are in compliance with PRC law and are legally enforceable. The shareholders of Beijing Tantan are also shareholders of the Company and therefore have no current interest in seeking to act contrary to the contractual arrangements. However, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit the Company’s ability to enforce these contractual arrangements and if the shareholders of the VIE were to reduce their interests in the Company, their interests may diverge from that of the Company and that may potentially increase the risk that they would seek to act contrary to the contractual terms, for example by influencing the VIE not to pay the service fees when required to do so.

The Company cannot assure that when conflicts of interest arise, the shareholders will act in the best interests of the Company or that conflicts of interests will be resolved in the Company’s favor. Currently, the Company does

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TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2017

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

1.	ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES - continued

Risk in relation to the VIE structure - continued

 

not have existing arrangements to address potential conflicts of interest the shareholders of the VIE may encounter in their capacity as the beneficial owners and director of the VIE on the one hand, and as beneficial owners and directors or officer of the Company, on the other hand. The Company believes the shareholders of the VIE will not act contrary to any of the contractual arrangements and the Exclusive Option Agreement provides the Company with a mechanism to remove the shareholders as the beneficial shareholders of the VIE should they act to the detriment of the Company. The Company relies on the VIE’s shareholders, as directors and officer of the Company, to fulfill their fiduciary duties and abide by the laws of the PRC and the Cayman Islands and act in the best interest of the Company. If the Company cannot resolve any conflicts of interest or disputes between the Company and the VIE’s shareholders, the Company would have to rely on legal proceedings, which could result in disruption of its business, and there is substantial uncertainty as to the outcome of any such legal proceedings.

The Company’s ability to control the VIE also depends on the Power of Attorney. Beijing Tantan IT and Beijing Tantan have to vote on all matters requiring shareholder approval in the VIE. As noted above, the Company believes this power of attorney is legally enforceable but may not be as effective as direct equity ownership.

In addition, if the legal structure and contractual arrangements were found to be in violation of any existing PRC laws and regulations, the PRC government could:

 

•

revoke the Group’s business and operating licenses;

 

•

require the Group to discontinue or restrict operations;

 

•

restrict the Group’s right to collect revenues;

 

•

block the Group’s websites;

 

•

require the Group to restructure the operations in such a way as to compel the Group to establish a new enterprise, re-apply for the necessary licenses or relocate our businesses, staff and assets;

 

•

impose additional conditions or requirements with which the Group may not be able to comply; or

 

•

take other regulatory or enforcement actions against the Group that could be harmful to the Group’s business.

The imposition of any of these penalties may result in a material and adverse effect on the Group’s ability to conduct the Group’s business. In addition, if the imposition of any of these penalties causes the Group to lose the rights to direct the activities of the VIE or the right to receive their economic benefits, the Group would no longer be able to consolidate the VIE. The Group does not believe that any penalties imposed or actions taken by the PRC government would result in the liquidation of the Company, Beijing Tantan IT, or the VIE.

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TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2017

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

1.	ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES - continued

Risk in relation to the VIE structure - continued

 

The following financial statements amounts and balances of the VIE were included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements after the elimination of intercompany balances and transactions as of and for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively:

 

		As of December 31,
		2016				2017
Cash and cash equivalents		$	107,254			$	3,278,764
Accounts receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $nil and $nil as of December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively			—				79,269
Prepaid expenses and other current assets			13,118				132,085
Short-term investments			1,584,330				9,375,528
Total current assets			1,704,702				12,865,646
Property and equipment, net			34,353				80,808
Other non-current assets			—				116,935
Total assets			1,739,055				13,063,389
Deferred revenue			—				97,280
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities			37,399				660,564
Total current liabilities			37,399				757,844
Total liabilities		$	37,399			$	757,844

 

		For the years ended December 31,
		2016				2017
Net revenues		$	—			$	170,695
Net loss		$	(356,547	)		$	(1,324,329	)

 

		For the years ended December 31,
		2016				2017
Net cash used in operating activities		$	(334,731	)		$	(903,002	)
Net cash used in investing activities		$	(1,656,627	)		$	(7,475,007	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		$	—			$	—

The VIE contributed an aggregate of 100% of the consolidated net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2017. The VIE contributed an aggregate of 1.4% and 2.5% of the consolidated net loss for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively. As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, the VIE accounted for an aggregate of 11.1% and 36.8% of the consolidated total assets, and 1.3% and 15.1% of the consolidated total liabilities, respectively. The assets that were not associated with the VIE primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, prepaid expenses and other current assets, term deposits and property and equipment.

There are no consolidated VIE’s assets that are collateral for the VIE’s obligations and can only be used to settle the VIE’s obligations. There are no creditors (or beneficial interest holders) of the VIE that have recourse to the general credit of the Company or any of its consolidated subsidiaries. There are no terms in any arrangements, considering both explicit arrangements and implicit variable interests, that require the Company or its subsidiaries to provide financial support to the VIE.

However, if the VIE ever needs financial support, the Company or its subsidiaries may, at its option and subject to statutory limits and restrictions, provide financial support to its VIE through loans to the shareholders of the

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TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2017

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

1.	ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES - continued

Risk in relation to the VIE structure - continued

 

VIE or entrustment loans to the VIE. Relevant PRC laws and regulations restrict the VIE from transferring a portion of its net assets, equivalent to the balance of its statutory reserve and its share capital, to the Company in the form of loans and advances or cash dividends. The Group may lose the ability to use and enjoy assets held by the VIE that are important to the operation of business if the VIE declares bankruptcy or becomes subject to a dissolution or liquidation proceeding.

 

2.	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of presentation

The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).

Basis of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements of the Group include the financial statements of Tantan Limited, its subsidiaries and its VIE. All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and revenues, cost and expenses in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Group’s consolidated financial statements include the useful lives and impairment of property and equipment, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, share-based compensation and fair value of the ordinary shares, convertible redeemable participating preferred shares and warrants.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and highly liquid investments, which are unrestricted from withdrawal or use, or which have original maturities of three months or less when purchased.

Term deposits

Term deposits consist of bank deposits with an original maturity of over three months and less than one year.

Short-term investments

Short-term investment primarily comprises of investments in wealth management products with variable interest rates, whereby the Group has the intent and the ability to hold to maturity within one year. The Group classifies the short-term investment as “held-to-maturity” securities and record those at amortized cost.

The Group reviews its held-to-maturity investments for other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) based on the specific identification method. The Group considers available quantitative and qualitative evidence in evaluating the potential impairment of its short-term investments. If the cost of an investment exceeds the investment’s fair value, the Group considers, among other factors, general market conditions, expected future performance of the investees, the duration and the extent to which the fair value of the investment is less than the cost, and the Group’s intent and ability to hold the investments. OTTI is recognized as a loss in the consolidated statement of operation. For the years ended December 2016 and 2017, no impairment losses were recorded in relation to the Group’s short-term investments.

Accounts receivable

Accounts receivable primarily represents the cash due from third-party application stores and other payment channels, net of allowance for doubtful accounts. The Group makes estimates for the allowance for doubtful

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TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2017

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

2.	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

Accounts receivable - continued

 

accounts based upon its assessment of various factors, including the age of accounts receivable balances, credit quality of third-party application stores and other payment channels, current economic conditions and other factors that may affect their ability to pay. An allowance for doubtful accounts is recorded in the period in which a loss is determined to be probable.

Financial instruments

Financial instruments of the Group primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, term deposits, accounts receivables, short-term investments, accounts payable, deferred revenue, amount due to/from related parties and preferred share warrants.

Cash and cash equivalents are recorded at fair value based on the quoted market price in an active market. Warrants are recorded at fair value based on the income approach model which includes significant assumptions including discount rate, weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”), terminal year growth and probability of initial public offering (“IPO”). The carrying values of term deposits, accounts receivable, short-term investments, accounts payable, deferred revenue, amount due from related parties and amount due to related parties approximate their fair values due to short-term maturities.

Foreign currency risk

The Renminbi (“RMB”), is not a freely convertible currency. The State Administration for Foreign Exchange, under the authority of the People’s Bank of China, controls the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies. The value of the RMB is subject to changes in central government policies and to international economic and political developments affecting supply and demand in the China Foreign Exchange Trading System market. Cash and cash equivalents of the Group included aggregate amounts of $4,874,399 and $5,152,650 as of December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively, which were denominated in RMB.

Concentration of credit risk and revenue

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, term deposits, and accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, substantially all of the Group’s cash and cash equivalents and term deposits were deposited with financial institutions with high-credit ratings and quality. Accounts receivable are typically unsecured and are derived from revenues earned from customers in the PRC. The Group performs periodic credit evaluations and provides an allowance for doubtful accounts to reduce the accounts receivable balance to its net realizable value. No user or customer accounted for 10% or more of net revenues for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively. Third-party application stores and other payment channels accounting for 10% or more of accounts receivables are as follows:

 

		As of December 31,
		2016				2017
A			0	%			69	%
B			0	%			20	%
C			0	%			11	%

Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straight line basis over the following estimated useful lives:

 

Computer equipment		3 years
Office equipment		5 years
Leasehold Improvement		Shorter of the lease term or estimated useful lives

---

TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2017

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

2.	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

 

Fair value measurements

Fair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Group considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.

Authoritative literature provides a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. An asset or liability categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement as follows:

Level 1

Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2

Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the assets or liabilities such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data.

Level 3

Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Convertible and redeemable preferred shares

The convertible and redeemable preferred shares do not meet the criteria of mandatorily redeemable financial instruments, and have been classified as mezzanine equity in the consolidated balance sheets. The convertible and redeemable preferred shares are initially measured at fair value, net off any direct issuance cost with the issuance of the equity instrument. Beneficial conversion features exist when the conversion price of the convertible preferred shares is lower than the fair value of the ordinary shares at the commitment date, which is the issuance date in the Company’s case. When a beneficial conversion feature exists as of the commitment date, its intrinsic value is bifurcated from the carrying value of the convertible and redeemable preferred shares as a contribution to additional paid-in capital. On the commitment date, the most favourable conversion price used to measure the beneficial conversion feature of the preferred shares is higher than the fair value of the ordinary shares and therefore no bifurcation of beneficial conversion feature is recognized. The Company determines the fair value of ordinary shares with the assistance of an independent third party appraiser.

The Company elects not to adjust the carrying value of the convertible and redeemable preferred shares to the redemption value at the end of each reporting period subsequently as it is not probable that the convertible and redemption preferred shares will become redeemable.

Warrants

The Company’s convertible and redeemable preferred share warrants require liability classification as the underlying preferred shares are considered redeemable and are recorded at fair value. Refer to Note 6.

---

TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2017

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

2.	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

 

Revenue recognition

The Group recognizes revenue when a persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. The Group derives its revenue from value-added service.

Value-added services revenues include membership subscription revenue and super-like service revenue. Membership subscription is a service package which enables members to enjoy additional functions and privileges. The contract period for the membership subscription ranges from one month to one year. All membership subscription is nonrefundable. The Group collects membership subscription in advance and records it as deferred revenue. Revenue is recognized ratably over the contract period for the membership subscription services. Revenue from super-like services are insignificant for the periods presented.

Deferred revenue

Deferred revenue primarily includes cash received in advance from users. The unused cash balances remaining in users’ accounts are recorded as a liability. Deferred revenue related to prepayments from users will be recognized as revenue when all of the revenue recognition criteria are met.

Cost of revenues

Cost of revenues consist of expenditures incurred in the generation of the Group’s revenues, including but not limited to commission fee paid to third-party application stores and other payment channels, bandwidth costs, salaries and benefits paid to employee, short messaging service charges and depreciation. These costs are expensed as incurred except for the direct and incremental platform commission fees to third-party application stores and other payment channels which are deferred in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” on the consolidated balance sheets. The deferred platform commissions are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations in “Cost of revenues” in the period in which the related revenues are recognized.

Value added tax (“VAT”)

The Group’s PRC subsidiaries are subject to VAT at a rate of either 6% or 3%, as VAT general taxpayers and VAT small-scale taxpayers, respectively. VAT general taxpayers are allowed to offset qualified input VAT paid to suppliers against their output VAT liabilities. The net VAT balance between input VAT and output VAT is reflected under other taxes payable or other taxes receivable. VAT small-scale taxpayers are subject to the simple tax calculation method at a 3% VAT rate, and the output VAT payable is not eligible to offset with input VAT. VAT is also reported as a deduction to revenue when incurred and amounted to $nil and $7,963 for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively.

Research and development expenses

Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel, office rental and depreciation expenses associated with the research and development activities. The Group’s research and development activities primarily consist of the research and development for its social network application platform. The Group has expensed all research and development expenses when incurred.

Foreign currency translation

The functional and reporting currency of the Group is the US dollars (“US$”). The financial records of the Group’s subsidiaries and VIE located in the PRC are maintained in their local currencies, the RMB, which is also the functional currency of these companies. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the relevant functional currency at the rates of exchange in effect at the balance sheet dates. Nonmonetary assets and liabilities are remeasured into the applicable functional currencies at historical exchange rates. Transactions dominated in currencies other than the functional currency during the year are converted into the functional currency at the applicable rates of exchange prevailing at the transaction dates. Exchange gains and losses are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations.

---

TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2017

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

2.	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

Foreign currency translation - continued

 

The Group’s entities with functional currency of RMB, translate their operating results and financial positions into the US$, the Group’s reporting currency. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rates at the balance sheet dates, equity accounts are translated at historical exchange rates and expenses, gains and losses are translated using the average rate for the year. Translation adjustments are reported as cumulative translation adjustments and are shown as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss.

Operating leases

Leases where the rewards and risks of ownership of assets primarily remain with the lessor are accounted for as operating leases. The Group recognizes operating lease expenses on a straight-line basis over the lease periods.

Marketing expenses

The Group expenses marketing expenses as incurred. Total advertising expenses incurred were $17,245,461 and $35,944,746 for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively, and have been included in selling and marketing expenses in the consolidated statement of operations.

Income taxes

Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant tax authorities.

Deferred income taxes are recognized with net operating loss carry forwards and credits are applied using enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely-than-not that a portion of or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return is recognized at the largest amount that is more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant tax authority. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. Interest and penalties on income taxes will be classified as a component of the provisions for income taxes.

The Group did not recognize any income tax due to uncertain tax position or incur any interest and penalties related to potential underpaid income tax expenses for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017.

Share-based compensation

Share-based compensation with employees is measured based on the grant date fair value of the equity instrument. The Group recognizes the compensation costs net of an estimated forfeiture rate using the straight-line method, over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the vesting period of the award. The estimate of forfeiture rate will be adjusted over the requisite service period to the extent that actual forfeiture rate differs, or is expected to differ, from such estimates. Changes in estimated forfeiture rate will be recognized through a cumulative catch-up adjustment in the period of change.

Comprehensive loss

Comprehensive loss of the Group includes the cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments and net loss for the year. Comprehensive loss is reported in the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss.

---

TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2017

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

2.	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

 

Risks and uncertainties

The Group participates in a dynamic industry with rapid changes in regulations, technology trends, customer demand and competition and believes that changes in any of the following areas could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s future financial position, results of operations, or cash flows, advances and trends in new technologies and industry standards; changes in certain strategic relationships or customer relationships; regulatory or other PRC related factors; risks associated with the Group’s ability to attract and retain certain necessary employees to support its growth; risks associated with the Group’s growth strategies; risks associated with the Group’s ability to maintain and enhance brand and reputation and general risks associated with the internet security industry and risks surrounding pending litigations.

Recent accounting pronouncements

Recent accounting pronouncement adopted

In November 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-17 Income Taxes (Topic 740) (“ASU 2015-17”): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. The amendments in this Update require that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as non-current in a classified statement of financial position. The amendments in this Update apply to all entities that present a classified statement of financial position. The current requirement that deferred tax liabilities and assets of a taxpaying component of an entity be offset and presented as a single amount is not affected by the amendments in this Update. For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. Earlier application is permitted for all entities as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The amendments in this Update may be applied either prospectively to all deferred tax liabilities and assets or retrospectively to all periods presented. The Group early adopted this guidance on January 1, 2016 and classified all deferred taxes assets and liabilities as noncurrent as of December 31, 2016 and 2017.

Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

In May 2014, Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting Standards Updates, or ASU, 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), to clarify the principles of recognizing revenue and create common revenue recognition guidance between U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards. An entity has the option to apply the provisions of ASU 2014-09 either retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying this standard recognized at the date of initial application. ASU2014-09 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2016, and early adoption is not permitted.

In August 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-14 to defer the effective date of ASU 2014-09, for non-public entities to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Earlier adoption is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period.

In May 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-12 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients. The amendments in this ASU do not change the core principle of the guidance in Topic 606. Rather, the amendments in this ASU affect only the narrow aspects of Topic 606. The areas improved include: (1) Assessing the Collectability Criterion in Paragraph 606-10-25-1(e) and Accounting for Contracts That Do Not Meet the Criteria for Step 1; (2) Presentation of Sales Taxes and Other Similar Taxes Collected from Customers; (3) Noncash Consideration; (4) Contract Modifications at Transition; (5) Completed Contracts at Transition; and (6) Technical Correction. The effective date and transition requirements for the amendments in this Update are the same as the effective date and transition requirements for Topic 606 (and any other Topic amended by Update 2014-09). The Group has completed its preliminary assessment of the new revenue standard and does not believe that the impact will be material to its consolidated financial statements. The Group expects to adopt the new standard using the modified retrospective method.

---

TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2017

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

2.	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted - continued

 

In February 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-02 related to Leases. Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to recognize all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date including a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. Lessees (for capital and operating leases) and lessors must apply a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. The modified retrospective approach would not require any transition accounting for leases that expired before the earliest comparative period presented. Lessees may not apply a full retrospective transition approach. Non-public business entities should apply the amendments in ASU 2016-02 for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years (i.e., January 1, 2019, for a calendar year entity). Early application is permitted. The Group is in the process of evaluating the impact of the standard on the consolidated financial statements.

In May, 2017, FASB issued a new pronouncement, ASU 2017-09, which amends the scope of modification accounting for share-based payment arrangements. The ASU provides guidance on the types of changes to the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards to which an entity would be required to apply modification accounting under ASC 718. Specifically, an entity would not apply modification accounting if the fair value, vesting conditions, and classification of the awards are the same immediately before and after the modification. The new accounting guidance is effective for annual reporting periods, including interim periods within those annual reporting periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period. The Group is in the process of assessing the impact on its consolidated financial statements from the adoption of the new guidance.

 

3.	PREPAID EXPENSE AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

 

		As of December 31,
		2016				2017
Advance to advertisement suppliers		$	438,833			$	1,984,846
Prepaid rental expenses			127,844				330,643
Interest receivable			25,591				45,865
Others			22,249				80,111
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets		$	614,517			$	2,441,465

 

4.	PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

 

		As of December 31,
		2016				2017
Computer Equipment		$	2,492,984			$	4,583,912
Leasehold Improvement			98,541				314,430
Office equipment			30,803				196,182
Total			2,622,328				5,094,524
Less: accumulated depreciation			(462,319	)			(1,755,116	)
Property and equipment, net		$	2,160,009			$	3,339,408

Depreciation expenses charged to the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 were $427,708 and $1,218,659, respectively.

---

TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2017

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

5.	ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

 

		As of December 31,
		2016				2017
Payable for advertisement		$	1,982,223			$	3,550,560
Accrued payroll and welfare			392,213				732,281
Other tax payable			35,413				38,554
Others			24,820				109,058
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities		$	2,434,669			$	4,430,453

 

6.

WARRANTS

In connection with the convertible redeemable participating preferred shares series C (“Series C preferred shares”), the Company issued warrants to purchase up to 265,515 shares of the Series C preferred shares with no consideration. The exercise price on the warrants was $0.001 per share. The fair value of the warrants on the issuance date was approximately the fair value of Series C preferred shares. 251,348 warrants were exercised on the issuance date and the remaining 14,167 warrants were exercised during the year ended December 31, 2017.

The Company has classified all warrants as a liability because the exercise of the warrants will result in the delivery of Series C preferred shares. The Company initially recorded warrants at fair value on the issuance dates and subsequently reported any changes in the fair value at each reporting date. The Company recognized $28,743 and $152,754 fair value changes of warrants for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively.

 

7.	FAIR VALUE

Measured on recurring basis

The Group measures its financial assets and liabilities including cash and cash equivalents and warrants at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2016 and 2017. Cash and cash equivalents are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued based on the quoted market price in an active market. Warrants are measured at fair value on a recurring basis with changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statements of operations and are classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, information about inputs for the fair value measurements of the Group’s assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis in periods subsequent to their initial recognition is as follows:

 

		Fair Value Measurement as of December 31,
Description		2016				Quoted Prices in Active Market for Identical Assets				Significant Other Observable Inputs				Significant Unobservable Inputs
						(Level 1)				(Level 2)				(Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents		$	6,627,581			$	6,627,581			$	—			$	—
Warrants			158,513				—				—				158,513
Total		$	6,786,094			$	6,627,581			$	—			$	158,513

 

		Fair Value Measurement as of December 31,
Description		2017				Quoted Prices in Active Market for Identical Assets				Significant Other Observable Inputs				Significant Unobservable Inputs
						(Level 1)				(Level 2)				(Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents		$	15,369,641			$	15,369,641			$	—			$	—
Total		$	15,369,641			$	15,369,641			$	—			$	—

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TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2017

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

7.	FAIR VALUE - continued

Measured on recurring basis - continued

 

The fair value of the warrants on the issuance date was approximately the fair value of Series C preferred shares. The significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the underlying Series C preferred shares are as follows:

 

		For the years ended December 31
		2016
Discount rate			29	%
Weighted average cost of capital			14	%
Terminal year growth			3	%
Probability of IPO			40	%

The movement of the warrants measured at fair value on recurring basis during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 is as follow:

 

		As of December 31,
		2016				2017
Balance at the beginning of the year		$	—			$	158,513
Issuance of warrants			2,432,117				—
Change in fair value of warrants			28,743				152,754
Exercise of warrants			(2,302,347	)			(311,267	)
Balance at the end of the year		$	158,513			$	—

Measured or disclosed at fair value on a non-recurring basis

The Group did not have any financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2016 and 2017.

 

8.	INCOME TAXES

Cayman Islands

The Company is a tax-exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. Under the current laws of the Cayman Islands, it is not subject to tax on either income or capital gain.

Hong Kong

Tantan HK was established in Hong Kong and subject to Hong Kong Profits Tax at 16.5% on its activities conducted in Hong Kong.

The United States (“US”)

Tantan US is incorporated in the US and is subject to state income tax and federal income tax at different tax rates, depending upon taxable income levels. Tantan US did not have taxable income and no income tax expense was provided for the year ended December 31, 2017.

PRC

Entities incorporated in the PRC are subject to the Enterprise Income Tax Law (“EIT Law”) at a rate of 25%.

Since January 1, 2014, the relevant tax authorities of the Group’s subsidiaries have not conducted a tax examination on the Group’s PRC entities. In accordance with relevant PRC tax administration laws, tax years from 2014 to 2016 of the Group’s PRC subsidiary and VIE, remain subject to tax audits as of December 31, 2017, at the tax authority’s discretion.

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TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2017

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

8.	INCOME TAXES - continued

PRC - continued

 

Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”) and its implementation rules which became effective on January 1, 2008, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and payable by foreign-invested enterprise in the PRC to its foreign investors who are non-resident enterprises are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with PRC that provides for a different withholding arrangement. Under the taxation arrangement between the PRC and Hong Kong, a qualified Hong Kong tax resident which is the “beneficial owner” and directly holds 25% or more of the equity interest in a PRC resident enterprise is entitled to a reduced withholding tax rate of 5%. Cayman, where the Company is incorporated, does not have a tax treaty with PRC.

Uncertainties exist with respect to how the current income tax law in the PRC applies to the Group’s overall operations, and more specifically, with regard to tax residency status. The EIT Law includes a provision specifying that legal entities organized outside of the PRC will be considered residents for Chinese income tax purposes if the place of effective management or control is within the PRC. The implementation rules to the EIT Law provide that non-resident legal entities will be considered China residents if substantial and overall management and control over the manufacturing and business operations, personnel, accounting, properties, etc., occurs within the PRC. Despite the present uncertainties resulting from the limited PRC tax guidance on the issue, the Group does not believe that the legal entities organized outside of the PRC within the Group should be treated as residents for EIT law purposes. If the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that the Company and its subsidiaries registered outside the PRC should be deemed resident enterprises, the Company and its subsidiaries registered outside the PRC will be subject to the PRC income taxes, at a rate of 25%.

If any entity within the Group that is outside the PRC were to be a non-resident for PRC tax purposes dividends paid to it out of profits earned after January 1, 2008 would be subject to a withholding tax at a rate of 10%, subject to reduction by an applicable tax treaty with the PRC.

Aggregate undistributed earnings of the Company’s subsidiaries located in the PRC that are available for distribution at December 31, 2017 are considered to be indefinitely reinvested and accordingly, no provision has been made for the Chinese dividend withholding taxes that would be payable upon the distribution of those amounts to any entity within the Group that is outside the PRC.

The Group does not have any present plan to pay any cash dividends on its ordinary shares in the foreseeable future. It intends to retain most of its available funds and any future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of its business. As of December 31, 2017, the Group has not declared any dividends.

The current and deferred components of income taxes appearing in the consolidated statements of operation are as follows:

 

		For the years ended December 31
		2016				2017
Current tax expense		$	—			$	—
Deferred tax expense			—				—
Provision for income tax		$	—			$	—

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TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2017

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

8.	INCOME TAXES - continued

PRC - continued

 

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The Group early adopted ASU 2015-17 in the 2016 on a prospective basis and classified all deferred taxes assets and liabilities as noncurrent as of December 31, 2016 and 2017. Significant components of the Group’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

 

		As of December 31,
		2016				2017
Non-current deferred tax assets:
Advertising expense		$	5,419,283			$	15,080,606
Net operating tax losses carry-forward			2,405,683				6,338,523
Less: valuation allowance			(7,824,966	)			(21,419,129	)
Non-current deferred tax assets, net		$	—			$	—

The Group considers the following factors, among other matters, when determining whether some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will more likely than not be realized: the nature, frequency and severity of losses, forecasts of future profitability, the duration of statutory carry-forward periods, the Group’s experience with tax attributes expiring unused and tax planning alternatives. The Group’s ability to realize deferred tax assets depends on its ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carry-forward periods provided for in the tax law.

As of December 31, 2017, the tax loss carry-forward for WFOE and VIE amounted to $22,984,034 and will expire on various dates between December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2017, the tax loss carry-forward for Tantan HK amounted to $3,590,997, which would be carried forward indefinitely and set off against its future taxable profits. The Group does not file combined or consolidated tax returns, therefore, losses from individual subsidiaries or the VIE may not be used to offset other subsidiaries’ or VIE’s earnings within the Group. Valuation allowance is considered on each individual subsidiary and legal entity basis. Valuation allowances have been established with respect to all deferred tax assets as it is considered more likely than not that the relevant deferred tax assets will not be realized in the foreseeable future.

The Group did not identify any significant unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017. The Group did not incur any interest or penalties related to potential underpaid income tax expenses and also believes that uncertainty in income taxes does not have a significant impact on the unrecognized tax benefits within next twelve months.

 

9.	ORDINARY SHARES

On November 26, 2014, the Company was authorized to issue a maximum 50,000,000 share of a single class with a par value of $0.001. As of December 31, 2014, 1 share was issued and outstanding which was held by the Company’s founder. On June 1, 2015, the Company issued 4,199,999 ordinary shares to a company that is 100% wholly owned by the founder.

On June 1, 2015, the Company issued 2,550,000 ordinary shares to an unrelated entity. The ordinary shares contain a redemption feature whereas the Company is required to redeem the shares upon certain contingent events for a fixed amount of $1,500,000. Refer below to “Redeemable ordinary shares” for additional details.

On June 1, 2015, the Company decreased its authorized ordinary shares from 50,000,000 shares to 47,750,000 shares in connection with the issuance of Series A convertible redeemable participating preferred shares.

On July 16, 2015, the Company decreased its authorized ordinary shares from 47,750,000 shares to 44,648,403 shares in connection with the issuance of Series B convertible redeemable participating preferred shares.

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TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2017

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

9.	ORDINARY SHARES - continued

 

On April 14, 2016, the Company decreased its authorized ordinary shares from 44,648,403 shares to 40,904,231 shares in connection with the issuance of Series C convertible redeemable participating preferred shares.

As of December 31, 2016, the Company had 4,200,000 ordinary shares and 2,550,000 redeemable ordinary shares issued and outstanding with a par value $0.001 per share.

On March 8, 2017, the Company decreased its authorized ordinary shares from 40,904,231 shares to 36,806,640 shares in connection with the issuance of Series D convertible redeemable participating preferred shares.

On August 14, 2017, the Company decreased its authorized ordinary shares from 36,806,640 shares to 35,689,115 shares in connection with the further issuance of Series D convertible redeemable participating preferred shares.

In September and October, 2017, the Company issued 44,703 ordinary shares to third party new investors for a total consideration of $600,000.

As of December 31, 2017, there was 4,244,703 ordinary shares and 2,550,000 redeemable ordinary shares issued and outstanding, par value $0.001 per share.

Redeemable ordinary shares

The Redeemable ordinary shareholders may receive the fixed redemption amount of $1,500,000 upon a contingent event. Specifically, the redemption feature is contingent upon the existence of any laws and regulations or governmental order that may make it illegal or undesirable for the Redemption ordinary shareholders to hold shares in the Company. The occurrence of this contingent event is out of the control of the Company. As a result, the redemption provisions not solely within the control of the Company requires the shares to be classified outside of permanent equity. As the redemption feature was remote, no accretion was recorded during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively.

As of December 31, 2016 and 2017, there were 2,550,000 redeemable ordinary shares issued and outstanding, respectively.

 

10.	CONVERTIBLE REDEEMABLE PARTICIPATING PREFERRED SHARES

In December 2014, the Company entered into a convertible note purchase agreement with a couple of investors to issue convertible notes for an aggregate consideration of $2,700,000 (the “Convertible Note Consideration”), which was fully paid in 2014.

On June 1, 2015, the Company entered into preferred share purchase agreements with a group of investors to issue an aggregate of 2,250,000 convertible redeemable participating preferred shares series A (“Series A preferred shares”) for an aggregate consideration of $4,274,413. The Convertible Note Consideration is deemed as part of the consideration paid for the Series A preferred shares during the year ended December 31, 2014, net of issuance cost. The remaining consideration was paid during the year ended December 31, 2015.

On July 16, 2015 and December 31, 2015, the Company entered into preferred share purchase agreements with a group of investors to issue an aggregate of 3,101,597 convertible redeemable participating preferred shares series B (“Series B preferred shares”) for an aggregate consideration of $12,960,798, net of issuance cost. $7,934,086 and $5,026,712 were paid during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively.

On April 14, 2016, the Company entered into preferred share purchase agreements with a group of investors to issue 3,478,657 Series C preferred shares for an aggregate consideration of $31,159,636, net of issuance cost, which were fully paid during the years ended December 31, 2016.

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TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2017

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

10.	CONVERTIBLE REDEEMABLE PARTICIPATING PREFERRED SHARES - continued

 

In March, July and August, 2017, the Company entered into preferred share purchase agreements with a group of investors to issue 5,215,116 Series D convertible redeemable participating preferred shares (“Series D preferred shares”) for an aggregate consideration of $67,874,778, net of issuance cost, which was fully paid during the year ended December 31, 2017.

In July and August, 2017, the Company repurchased 177,051 and 691,228 Series A and B convertible redeemable preferred shares respectively from investors for $2,186,353 and $8,814,127 in cash. The excess of the fair value of Series A and Series B convertible redeemable preferred shares over the carrying value amounted to $7,742,475 and was recognized as deemed dividend to the original shareholders. Immediately subsequent to the repurchase, those shares were issued to new investors for $2,186,353 and $8,814,127 consideration. The subsequent issuance of Series A and B convertible redeemable preferred shares to new investors was recorded in the consolidated balance sheets based on fair value.

Key terms of the preferred shares are summarized as follows:

Voting rights

Shareholders of the Series A, Series B, Series C and Series D preferred shares (collectively, the “preferred shares”) are entitled to the number of votes equal to the number of ordinary shares into which such preferred shares could be converted at the record date.

Dividends

Each holder of the preferred shares shall be entitled to receive dividends at the rate no less than the rate for the holders of the ordinary shares (calculated on an as converted basis), payable out of funds or assets when and as such funds or assets become legally available therefor on parity with each other, prior and in preference to, and satisfied before, any dividend on any ordinary shares, when, as, and if declared by the board of directors.

Liquidation preference

In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, all assets and funds of the Company legally available for distribution to the shareholders (after satisfaction of all creditors’ claims and claims that may be preferred by law) shall be distributed as follows:

 

(1)	the holders of the Series D Preferred Shares shall be entitled to receive an amount equal to the sum of (i) 100% of the Series D Issue Price, and (ii) any and all accrued or declared but unpaid dividends on such Series D Preferred Shares (collectively, the “Series D Preference Amount”).

 

(2)

after the aggregate Series D Preference Amount has been distributed or paid in full, the holders of the Series C Preferred Shares shall be entitled to receive an amount equal to the sum of (i) 100% of the Series C Issue Price, and (ii) any and all accrued or declared but unpaid dividends on such Series C Preferred Shares (collectively, the “Series C Preference Amount”).

 

(3)

after the aggregate Series D Preference Amount and Series C Preference Amount has been distributed or paid in full, the holders of the Series B Preferred Shares shall be entitled to receive an amount equal to the sum of (i) 100% of the Series B Issue Price, and (ii) any and all accrued or declared but unpaid dividends on such Series B Preferred Shares (collectively, the “Series B Preference Amount”).

 

(4)

after the aggregate Series D Preference Amount, Series C Preference Amount and Series B Preference Amount has been distributed or paid in full, the holders of the Series A Preferred Shares shall be entitled to receive an amount equal to the sum of (i) 100% of the Series A Issue Price, and (ii) any and all accrued or declared but unpaid dividends on such Series A Preferred Shares (collectively, the “Series A Preference Amount”).

After the aggregate Series D Preference Amount, Series C Preference Amount, Series B Preference Amount and Series A Preference Amount have been distributed or paid in full, the remaining assets and funds of the Company

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TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2017

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

10.	CONVERTIBLE REDEEMABLE PARTICIPATING PREFERRED SHARES - continued

Liquidation preference - continued

 

available for distribution to ordinary shareholders shall be distributed ratably among all ordinary shareholders according to the relative number of ordinary shares held by such ordinary shareholders.

Redemption

In the event that the Company has not consummated a Qualified IPO (defined as below), a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, or a Deemed Liquidation Event (defined as below), or any misconducts by the Company or the management team, at any time after the fifth (5) anniversary of the closing of the Series B, C and D preferred share issuance, each holder of the then outstanding Series B, C and D preferred shares, may require that the Company redeem all of its preferred shares.

In the event that the Company has not consummated a Qualified IPO, a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, at any time after the sixth (6) anniversary of the closing of the Series A, each holder of the then outstanding Series A preferred shares, may require that the Company redeem all of its preferred shares.

“Qualified IPO” means a firm commitment underwritten public offering of the Ordinary Shares of the Company (or depositary receipts or depositary shares thereof) in the United States on the New York Stock Exchange or the Nasdaq Global Market pursuant to an effective registration statement under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or on the Main Board of Hong Kong Stock Exchange or another internationally recognized stock exchange approved by the Majority Series A preferred holders and the Majority Series B preferred Holders, in any case, with an offering price (net of underwriting commissions and expenses) that implies a market capitalization of the Company immediately prior to such offering of not less than US $300 million, and that results in gross cash proceeds to the Company of at least US $50 million, or such a less market capitalization or gross cash proceeds as unanimously approved by the Board (including the affirmative votes of the preferred directors); provided further that the quantitative measures for the Qualified IPO shall be appropriately adjusted to account for the dilutive effect on the percentage ownership of the holders of Preferred Shares if there is any subsequent rounds of equity financing.

“Deemed Liquidation Event” means any of the following events: (1) any consolidation, amalgamation, scheme of arrangement or merger of the Group with or into any other person or other reorganization in which the shareholders of the Group immediately prior to such event own less than fifty percent (50%) of the Group’s voting power in the aggregate immediately after such event, or any transaction or series of related transactions in which in excess of fifty percent (50%) of the Group’s voting power is transferred; (2) a sale, transfer, lease or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets (either in terms of quantities or value) of the Group (or any series of related transactions resulting in such sale, transfer, lease or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Group); (3) or the exclusive licensing of all or substantially all of the Group’s intellectual property to a third party.

The redemption price for Series A preferred share shall be equal to the Initial Purchase Price (equal to the applicable Original Issue Price), plus all declared or accrued but unpaid dividends thereon up until the date of redemption (adjusted for any share splits, share dividends, combinations, recapitalizations or similar transactions).

The redemption price for Series B, C and D preferred shares shall be equal to a price per preferred share which is one hundred and twenty percent (120%) of the applicable Initial Purchase Price, plus all declared or accrued but unpaid dividends thereon up until the date of redemption (adjusted for any share splits, share dividends, combinations, recapitalizations or similar transactions).

Special redemption rights for Series A preferred shares held by BAI GmbH (“BAI”):

If any applicable laws and regulations or governmental order to make it illegal or undesirable for BAI to hold, or prohibit BAI from holding, any Shares in the Company, at the election of BAI in its sole discretion, the Company

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TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2017

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

10.	CONVERTIBLE REDEEMABLE PARTICIPATING PREFERRED SHARES - continued

Special redemption rights for Series A preferred shares held by BAI GmbH (“BAI”) - continued:

 

shall redeem all (but not less than all) of the Series A preferred shares held by BAI at the per share price that equals the higher of:

 

1)

the sum of (x) 100% of the Series A Issue Price, (y) an amount of cash per share sufficient to provide BAI as holder of such Series A preferred share with per annum return of 10% calculated on a compounded basis for a period of time commencing from the Series A issue date and ending on the redemption closing date, in each case, in respect of each of the Series A preferred shares held by BAI, and (z) any declared but unpaid dividends on such Series A preferred share, or

 

2)	the fair market value of each Series A preferred share (exclusive of any liquidity event, fire sale or minority ownership discounts)

No securities of the Company shall be redeemed pursuant to BAI unless and until the Company shall have redeemed all of the Series B preferred Shares.

Each preferred share has been converted into ordinary shares at the then effective conversion price agreed by the majority of Series A, Series B, Series C preferred shareholders and Series D preferred shareholders upon the closing of the acquisition of the Company by Momo Inc.. See note 15.

 

11.	SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

In March, 2015, the Company adopted the 2015 share incentive plan (“2015 Plan”), pursuant to which a maximum aggregate of 1,000,000 shares may be issued pursuant to awards may be authorized, but unissued ordinary shares. The Board of Directors may in its discretion make adjustments to the numbers of shares.

The following table summarizes the option activity for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017:

 

		Number of options				Weighted average exercise price per option				Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)				Aggregated intrinsic value
Outstanding as of January 1, 2016			874,640			$	0.8995				9.06			$	2,230,797
Granted			400,500			$	1.4004
Forfeited			(60,170	)		$	1.6000
Outstanding as of December 31, 2016			1,214,970			$	1.0299				8.59			$	7,107,702
Exercisable as of December 31, 2016			531,448			$	0.8205				8.02			$	3,216,610

 

		Number of options				Weighted average exercise price per option				Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)				Aggregated intrinsic value
Outstanding as of January 1, 2017			1,214,970			$	1.0299				8.59			$	7,107,702
Forfeited			(129,368	)		$	1.5561
Outstanding as of December 31, 2017			1,085,602			$	0.9716				7.54			$	26,497,789
Exercisable as of December 31, 2017			802,027			$	0.8411				7.25			$	19,828,016

Share options

There were 531,448 and 802,027 vested options as of December 31, 2016 and 2017, and 628,840 and 260,888 options expected to vest as of December 31, 2016 and 2017. For options expected to vest, the weighted-average

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TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2017

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

11.	SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - continued

Share options - continued

 

exercise price was $1.20 and $1.69 as of December 31, 2016 and 2017, and the aggregate intrinsic value was $3,594,490 and $6,353,172, respectively.

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of the share options granted during the years 2016 and 2017 was $5.33 and $nil, respectively. Total intrinsic value of options exercised for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 was $nil and $nil, respectively. The total fair value of options vested for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 was $217,716 and $657,485, respectively.

The fair value of each option granted was estimated on the date of grant using the binomial tree pricing model with the following assumptions used for grants during the applicable periods:

 

		Risk-free interest rate of return		Contractual term		Volatility		Dividend yield				Exercise Price
2016		2.27%-3.18%		10 years		57.9%-58.5%			—			$0.001-$1.600

 

(1)

Risk-free interest rate

Risk-free interest rate was estimated based on the yield to maturity of China international government bonds with a maturity period close to the expected term of the options.

 

(2)

Contractual term

The Company used the original contractual term.

 

(3)

Volatility

The volatility of the underlying ordinary shares during the life of the options was estimated based on the historical stock price volatility of comparable listed companies over a period comparable to the expected term of the options.

 

(4)

Dividend yield

The dividend yield was estimated by the Group based on its expected dividend policy over the expected term of the options.

 

(5)

Exercise price

The exercise price of the options was determined by the Group’s board of directors.

 

(6)

Fair value of underlying ordinary shares

The estimated fair value of the ordinary shares underlying the options as of the respective grant dates was determined based on a retrospective valuation, which used management’s best estimate for projected cash flows as of each valuation date.

For employee and executive share options, the Group recorded share-based compensation of $302,867 and $582,403 for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively, based on the fair value on the grant dates over the requisite service period of award according to the vesting schedule for employee and executive share options.

As of December 31, 2017, total unrecognized compensation expense relating to unvested share options was $1,341,512, which will be recognized over 2.70 years. The weighted-average remaining contractual term of options outstanding is 8.69 years.

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TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2017

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

12.	COMMITMENTS

Lease commitment

The Group leases certain office premises under non-cancelable leases. Rental expense under operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 was $339,507 and $744,545, respectively.

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases agreements are as follows:

Years ending

 

2018		$	1,278,687
2019			1,123,406
2020			762,359
2021			121,868
Total		$	3,286,320

 

13.	RELATED PARTY BALANCES AND TRANSACTIONS

The table below sets forth major related parties and their relationships with the Group:

 

Company name		Relationship with the Group
P1’s holding in Tantan Limited		Ordinary shareholder
P1 Capital Limited		Under control of the Company’s CEO
CBNB Investment Limited		Under control of the Company’s CEO
Singularity Capital Investment Co. Ltd. (“Singularity”)		One of Singularity’s board of director has significant influence over the Company.
Mr. Li Yuwei		Management

Details of related party balances and transactions as of December 31, 2016 and 2017 are as follows:

 

(i)

Amounts due from related parties

 

		As of December 31,
		2016				2017
CBNB Investment Limited		$	1,530			$	3,942
Singularity Capital Investment Co. Ltd.			1,981				—
P1’s holding in Tantan Limited			25				—
Total		$	3,536			$	3,942

 

(ii)

Amounts due to related parties

 

		As of December 31,
		2016				2017
P1 Capital Limited (Note 1)		$	58,978			$	64,992
Total		$	58,978			$	64,992

Note 1: The balance represents payable for technical consulting services and marketing services.

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TANTAN LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2017

(In U.S. dollars, except shares data, or otherwise noted)

 

13.	RELATED PARTY BALANCES AND TRANSACTIONS - continued

 

(iii)

Purchase from related parties

 

		For the Years Ended December 31,
		2016				2017
P1 Capital Limited (Note 1)		$	704,973			$	694,042
Mr. Li Yuwei (Note 1)			—				600,000
Singularity Capital Investment Co. Ltd.			1,980				2,498
Total		$	706,953			$	1,296,540

Note 1: The purchase is mainly related to consulting services.

 

14.	EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN

Full time employees of the Company in the PRC participate in a government-mandated defined contribution plan pursuant to which certain pension benefits, medical care, unemployment insurance, employee housing fund and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. The Company accrues for these benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries. The total contribution for such employee benefits was $624,776 and $1,554,132 for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively.

 

15.	SUBSEQUENT EVENT

The Company has evaluated all events subsequent to the balance sheet date of December 31, 2017 through June 25, 2018, the issuance date of these financial statements.

Acquisition by Momo Inc.

On February 23, 2018, the Group reached a definitive agreement with Momo Inc. (“Momo”), pursuant to which the Group agreed to sell 100% fully diluted equity stake for a combination of share consideration and cash, including approximately 5,328,853 newly issued ordinary shares of Momo and $613 million in cash. The transaction completed in May 2018. As a result, all of the Company’s preferred shares were converted to ordinary shares of Momo and Momo became the ultimate shareholder of the Company.

Claim with Match Group, LLC (“Match”)

In May 2018, the Group settled a claim brought by Match in the Western District of Texas alleging various breaches by the Group of Match’s intellectual property relating to its mobile-dating apps. Pursuant to the settlement, the Group agreed to make certain royalty payments linked to the size of the Group’s average annual monthly active users and redesign its application used in the United States. The total royalty payments is estimated to be immaterial.